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Increased germination of diverse crop-wild hybrid sunflower seeds
Gene flow from crop fields to wild populations produces hybrids that often differ from their wild counterparts in growth form, phenology, and life history characteristics. Germination and dormancy dynamics have a strong influence on population persistence, competitive dynamics, and ultimately, plant...
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Published in: | Ecological applications 2006-06, Vol.16 (3), p.845-854 |
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creator | Mercer, Kristin L. Shaw, Ruth G. Wyse, Donald L. |
description | Gene flow from crop fields to wild populations produces hybrids that often differ from their wild counterparts in growth form, phenology, and life history characteristics. Germination and dormancy dynamics have a strong influence on population persistence, competitive dynamics, and ultimately, plant fitness. They may also play a role in modifying crop gene introgression, which has been of primary interest since the release of transgenic crops. We investigated how seed germination and dormancy were affected by sunflower crop-wild hybridization in both laboratory and field experiments. Hybridization increased seed germination and decreased dormancy. Of the nine wild populations we assayed, most of their hybrids had higher germination than the wilds of the same population. However, absolute germination levels varied by population and testing environment. Hybrids produced by three different crop lines differed in germination, and their germination rankings shifted across populations. Increased germination in hybrids could accelerate crop gene introgression, provided that hybrids germinate in an appropriate period. Differences in relative germination of wild and hybrid seed indicated that the effect of germination on introgression will likely vary by population due, in part, to initial levels of dormancy in the population. Therefore, the implications of. gene flow from crops with novel characteristics or from transgenic crops will also vary by population. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[0845:IGODCH]2.0.CO;2 |
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Germination and dormancy dynamics have a strong influence on population persistence, competitive dynamics, and ultimately, plant fitness. They may also play a role in modifying crop gene introgression, which has been of primary interest since the release of transgenic crops. We investigated how seed germination and dormancy were affected by sunflower crop-wild hybridization in both laboratory and field experiments. Hybridization increased seed germination and decreased dormancy. Of the nine wild populations we assayed, most of their hybrids had higher germination than the wilds of the same population. However, absolute germination levels varied by population and testing environment. Hybrids produced by three different crop lines differed in germination, and their germination rankings shifted across populations. Increased germination in hybrids could accelerate crop gene introgression, provided that hybrids germinate in an appropriate period. Differences in relative germination of wild and hybrid seed indicated that the effect of germination on introgression will likely vary by population due, in part, to initial levels of dormancy in the population. Therefore, the implications of. gene flow from crops with novel characteristics or from transgenic crops will also vary by population.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1051-0761</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1939-5582</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[0845:IGODCH]2.0.CO;2</identifier><identifier>PMID: 16826985</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Ecological Society of America</publisher><subject>Crops ; Crops, Agricultural ; crop–wild hybrids ; Dormancy ; Ecological genetics ; gene flow ; genetic differentiation ; genetic variation ; Germination ; Helianthus ; Helianthus - physiology ; Helianthus annuus ; herbicide resistance ; Hybrid seeds ; Hybridity ; hybridization ; Hybridization, Genetic ; hybrids ; imidazolinone herbicides ; introgression ; line differences ; Plants ; seed dormancy ; seed germination ; Seed sources ; Seeds ; sulfonylurea herbicides ; sunflower ; Sunflowers ; transgenic crops ; wild relatives</subject><ispartof>Ecological applications, 2006-06, Vol.16 (3), p.845-854</ispartof><rights>Copyright 2006 Ecological Society of America</rights><rights>2006 by the Ecological Society of America</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4955-becb1d0f85215ccb48b18b6622ae69f23ea56871c1eeb761edfecedb83bf9fad3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4955-becb1d0f85215ccb48b18b6622ae69f23ea56871c1eeb761edfecedb83bf9fad3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/40061704$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/40061704$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925,58238,58471</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16826985$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Mercer, Kristin L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shaw, Ruth G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wyse, Donald L.</creatorcontrib><title>Increased germination of diverse crop-wild hybrid sunflower seeds</title><title>Ecological applications</title><addtitle>Ecol Appl</addtitle><description>Gene flow from crop fields to wild populations produces hybrids that often differ from their wild counterparts in growth form, phenology, and life history characteristics. Germination and dormancy dynamics have a strong influence on population persistence, competitive dynamics, and ultimately, plant fitness. They may also play a role in modifying crop gene introgression, which has been of primary interest since the release of transgenic crops. We investigated how seed germination and dormancy were affected by sunflower crop-wild hybridization in both laboratory and field experiments. Hybridization increased seed germination and decreased dormancy. Of the nine wild populations we assayed, most of their hybrids had higher germination than the wilds of the same population. However, absolute germination levels varied by population and testing environment. Hybrids produced by three different crop lines differed in germination, and their germination rankings shifted across populations. Increased germination in hybrids could accelerate crop gene introgression, provided that hybrids germinate in an appropriate period. Differences in relative germination of wild and hybrid seed indicated that the effect of germination on introgression will likely vary by population due, in part, to initial levels of dormancy in the population. Therefore, the implications of. gene flow from crops with novel characteristics or from transgenic crops will also vary by population.</description><subject>Crops</subject><subject>Crops, Agricultural</subject><subject>crop–wild hybrids</subject><subject>Dormancy</subject><subject>Ecological genetics</subject><subject>gene flow</subject><subject>genetic differentiation</subject><subject>genetic variation</subject><subject>Germination</subject><subject>Helianthus</subject><subject>Helianthus - physiology</subject><subject>Helianthus annuus</subject><subject>herbicide resistance</subject><subject>Hybrid seeds</subject><subject>Hybridity</subject><subject>hybridization</subject><subject>Hybridization, Genetic</subject><subject>hybrids</subject><subject>imidazolinone herbicides</subject><subject>introgression</subject><subject>line differences</subject><subject>Plants</subject><subject>seed dormancy</subject><subject>seed germination</subject><subject>Seed sources</subject><subject>Seeds</subject><subject>sulfonylurea herbicides</subject><subject>sunflower</subject><subject>Sunflowers</subject><subject>transgenic crops</subject><subject>wild relatives</subject><issn>1051-0761</issn><issn>1939-5582</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2006</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqdkE1v1DAQhi0Eol_8BCAnRA9Z_BE7TjmtQrtdqdJWQE8Ijex4XFJlk8XebbX_HkdZ4IiEL2NpHr8zfgj5wOiM6YqmKllOS8Xec0rVOWXqG9WFvFguVp_q6-98Rmf16iN_Ro5ZJapcSs2fp_vvV0fkJMYHmg7n_CU5YkpzVWl5TObLvgloIrrsHsO67c22Hfps8JlrHzFEzJowbPKntnPZj70Nrcvirvfd8IQhi4gunpEX3nQRXx3qKbm7uvxaX-c3q8Wynt_kTVFJmVtsLHPUa8mZbBpbaMu0VYpzg6ryXKCRSpesYYg2rYzOY4POamF95Y0Tp-TdlLsJw88dxi2s29hg15keh10EpRVTJZf_BJMhUWg2gosJTF-MMaCHTWjXJuyBURi1wygQRoEwaoekHUbtMGkHDhTqFfCU9OYwcmfX6P7mHDwn4PMEJJG4_985cDm_HQGmROqm0NdT6EPcDuFPaDESJS1S_-3U92YAcx_aCHdfOGWC0rKUWmjxC5oLrD4</recordid><startdate>200606</startdate><enddate>200606</enddate><creator>Mercer, Kristin L.</creator><creator>Shaw, Ruth G.</creator><creator>Wyse, Donald L.</creator><general>Ecological Society of America</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>200606</creationdate><title>Increased germination of diverse crop-wild hybrid sunflower seeds</title><author>Mercer, Kristin L. ; Shaw, Ruth G. ; Wyse, Donald L.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4955-becb1d0f85215ccb48b18b6622ae69f23ea56871c1eeb761edfecedb83bf9fad3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2006</creationdate><topic>Crops</topic><topic>Crops, Agricultural</topic><topic>crop–wild hybrids</topic><topic>Dormancy</topic><topic>Ecological genetics</topic><topic>gene flow</topic><topic>genetic differentiation</topic><topic>genetic variation</topic><topic>Germination</topic><topic>Helianthus</topic><topic>Helianthus - physiology</topic><topic>Helianthus annuus</topic><topic>herbicide resistance</topic><topic>Hybrid seeds</topic><topic>Hybridity</topic><topic>hybridization</topic><topic>Hybridization, Genetic</topic><topic>hybrids</topic><topic>imidazolinone herbicides</topic><topic>introgression</topic><topic>line differences</topic><topic>Plants</topic><topic>seed dormancy</topic><topic>seed germination</topic><topic>Seed sources</topic><topic>Seeds</topic><topic>sulfonylurea herbicides</topic><topic>sunflower</topic><topic>Sunflowers</topic><topic>transgenic crops</topic><topic>wild relatives</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Mercer, Kristin L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shaw, Ruth G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wyse, Donald L.</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Ecological applications</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Mercer, Kristin L.</au><au>Shaw, Ruth G.</au><au>Wyse, Donald L.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Increased germination of diverse crop-wild hybrid sunflower seeds</atitle><jtitle>Ecological applications</jtitle><addtitle>Ecol Appl</addtitle><date>2006-06</date><risdate>2006</risdate><volume>16</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>845</spage><epage>854</epage><pages>845-854</pages><issn>1051-0761</issn><eissn>1939-5582</eissn><abstract>Gene flow from crop fields to wild populations produces hybrids that often differ from their wild counterparts in growth form, phenology, and life history characteristics. Germination and dormancy dynamics have a strong influence on population persistence, competitive dynamics, and ultimately, plant fitness. They may also play a role in modifying crop gene introgression, which has been of primary interest since the release of transgenic crops. We investigated how seed germination and dormancy were affected by sunflower crop-wild hybridization in both laboratory and field experiments. Hybridization increased seed germination and decreased dormancy. Of the nine wild populations we assayed, most of their hybrids had higher germination than the wilds of the same population. However, absolute germination levels varied by population and testing environment. Hybrids produced by three different crop lines differed in germination, and their germination rankings shifted across populations. Increased germination in hybrids could accelerate crop gene introgression, provided that hybrids germinate in an appropriate period. Differences in relative germination of wild and hybrid seed indicated that the effect of germination on introgression will likely vary by population due, in part, to initial levels of dormancy in the population. Therefore, the implications of. gene flow from crops with novel characteristics or from transgenic crops will also vary by population.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Ecological Society of America</pub><pmid>16826985</pmid><doi>10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[0845:IGODCH]2.0.CO;2</doi><tpages>10</tpages></addata></record> |
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subjects | Crops Crops, Agricultural crop–wild hybrids Dormancy Ecological genetics gene flow genetic differentiation genetic variation Germination Helianthus Helianthus - physiology Helianthus annuus herbicide resistance Hybrid seeds Hybridity hybridization Hybridization, Genetic hybrids imidazolinone herbicides introgression line differences Plants seed dormancy seed germination Seed sources Seeds sulfonylurea herbicides sunflower Sunflowers transgenic crops wild relatives |
title | Increased germination of diverse crop-wild hybrid sunflower seeds |
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