Saline-induced natriuresis and renal blood flow in conscious dogs: effects of sodium infusion rate and concentration

• Published in: Acta physiologica Scandinavica 2005-11, Vol.185 (3), p.237-250
• Main Authors: Sandgaard, N. C. F., Andersen, J. L., Holstein-Rathlou, N.-H., Bie, P.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: aldosterone; Aldosterone - blood; angiotensin II; Animals; Arginine Vasopressin - blood; Atrial Natriuretic Factor - blood; Biological and medical sciences; Blood Pressure - drug effects; Blood Volume; Dogs; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administration Schedule; dynamic autoregulation; Female; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Hematocrit; Homeostasis; Kidney - blood supply; Kidney - metabolism; Models, Animal; Natriuresis - drug effects; Osmotic Pressure; Ovariectomy; Regional Blood Flow - drug effects; renin activity; Saline Solution, Hypertonic - metabolism; Saline Solution, Hypertonic - pharmacology; transit time ultrasound flow probes; Vascular Resistance; Vertebrates: urinary system
• ISSN: 0001-6772; 1365-201X
• DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-201X.2005.01480.x

Aim:  This study focused on static and dynamic changes in total renal blood flow (RBF) during volume expansion and tested whether a change in RBF characteristics is a necessary effector mechanism in saline‐induced natriuresis. Methods:  The aortic flow subtraction technique was used to measure RBF continuously. Identical amounts of NaCl (2.4 mmol kg−1) were given as slow isotonic (Iso, 120 min), slow hypertonic (Hyper, 120 min), and rapid isotonic loads (IsoRapid, 30 min). Results:  During Iso and IsoRapid, arterial blood pressure increased slightly (6–7 mmHg), and during Hyper it remained unchanged. Iso and Hyper increased sodium excretion (4 ± 1 to 57 ± 27 and 10 ± 4 to 79 ± 28 μmol min−1, respectively) and decreased plasma renin activity (by 38% and 29%), angiotensin II (by 56% and 58%) and aldosterone (by 47% and 65%), while RBF remained unchanged. IsoRapid caused a similar increase in sodium excretion (to 72 ± 19 μmol min−1), a similar decrease in renin system activity, but a 15% elevation of RBF (282 ± 22 to 324 ± 35 mL min−1). Selected frequency domain parameters of RBF autoregulation did not change in response to any load. Conclusions:  In response to slow saline loading simulating daily sodium intake, the rate of sodium excretion may increase 10–20‐fold without any change in mean arterial blood pressure or in RBF. Regulatory responses to changes in total body NaCl levels appears, therefore, to be mediated primarily by neurohumoral mechanisms and may occur independent of changes in arterial pressure or RBF.