From stage to age in variable environments: life expectancy and survivorship

Stage-based demographic data are now available on many species of plants and some animals, and they often display temporal and spatial variability. We provide exact formulas to compute age-specific life expectancy and survivorship from stage-based data for three models of temporal variability: cycle...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Ecology (Durham) 2006-06, Vol.87 (6), p.1497-1509
Main Authors: Tuljapurkar, Shripad, Horvitz, Carol C.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adaptation, Biological - physiology
Age
age structure
Animal and plant ecology
animal ecology
Animal, plant and microbial ecology
Animals
Biological and medical sciences
Calathea
community ecology
Demography
Ecological life histories
Ecosystem
Eigenvalues
Eigenvectors
Environmental conditions
Flowers & plants
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
General aspects
Life cycles
Life expectancy
longevity
Marantaceae - physiology
Markov analysis
Markov Chains
mathematical models
Matrices
Models, Biological
mortality
Natural selection
plant ecology
Population Dynamics
Population ecology
Population growth
stage structure
statistical models
survivorship
temporal variation
viability
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Summary:Stage-based demographic data are now available on many species of plants and some animals, and they often display temporal and spatial variability. We provide exact formulas to compute age-specific life expectancy and survivorship from stage-based data for three models of temporal variability: cycles, serially independent random variation, and a Markov chain. These models provide a comprehensive description of patterns of temporal variation. Our formulas describe the effects of cohort (birth) environmental condition on mortality at all ages, and of the effects on survivorship of environmental variability experienced over the course of life. This paper complements existing methods for time-invariant stage-based data, and adds to the information on population growth and dynamics available from stochastic demography.
ISSN:0012-9658
1939-9170
DOI:10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[1497:fstaiv]2.0.co;2