Cervicovaginal Secretions Contribute to Innate Resistance to Herpes Simplex Virus Infection

Defining and preserving the innate antiviral activity found in cervicovaginal secretions is critical. Cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) samples were obtained from 20 healthy women and evaluated for anti–herpes simplex virus (HSV) activity. CVL samples reduced HSV-2 yields by 23-fold (median), and the anti...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The Journal of infectious diseases 2005-11, Vol.192 (10), p.1731-1740
Main Authors: John, Minnie, Keller, Marla J., Fam, Ehsan H., Cheshenko, Natalia, Hogarty, Kathleen, Kasowitz, Andrea, Wallenstein, Sylvan, Carlucci, Maria J., Tuyama, Ana C., Lu, Wuyuan, Klotman, Mary E., Lehrer, Robert I., Herold, Betsy C.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
alpha-Defensins - metabolism
Animals
Antivirals
Biological and medical sciences
Cell Line
Cervix Uteri - immunology
Cervix Uteri - secretion
Cervix Uteri - virology
Condoms
Disease Models, Animal
Female
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Glycoproteins
Heparin
Herpes Genitalis - immunology
Herpes simplex virus
Herpes simplex virus 2
Herpesvirus 2, Human - pathogenicity
Human herpesvirus 2
Human immunodeficiency virus
Human viral diseases
Humans
Immunity, Innate
Infections
Infectious diseases
Medical sciences
Mice
Microbiology
Middle Aged
Neutrophils
Secretion
Simplexvirus
Vagina - immunology
Vagina - secretion
Vagina - virology
Viral diseases
Viral diseases with cutaneous or mucosal lesions and viral diseases of the eye
Viruses
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Summary:Defining and preserving the innate antiviral activity found in cervicovaginal secretions is critical. Cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) samples were obtained from 20 healthy women and evaluated for anti–herpes simplex virus (HSV) activity. CVL samples reduced HSV-2 yields by 23-fold (median), and the anti-HSV activity of CVL samples correlated with the concentration of human neutrophil peptides (HNP)–1–3. Both CVL samples and HNP-1–3 interacted with virus and prevented entry after binding. Substantially less protective activity was observed in CVL samples obtained from 20 human immunodeficiency virus—infected subjects, but the addition of CVL samples from healthy subjects enhanced the antiviral activity. The significance of the innate activity was further demonstrated by showing that CVL samples prevented murine genital herpes. Fourteen of 15 mice were protected from genital herpes if they were challenged with HSV-2 pretreated with CVL samples from healthy subjects. In contrast, all 15 mice challenged with untreated HSV-2 died. These findings are evidence that cervicovaginal secretions contribute to innate resistance to HSV-2 and identify defensins as contributors to this activity
ISSN:0022-1899
1537-6613
DOI:10.1086/497168