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An infrared radiation study of the biophysical characteristics of traditional moxibustion
Moxibustion has been a part of acupuncture practice for thousands of years. Traditionally, it includes direct moxibustion, in which moxa sticks are burned at acupuncture points on the skin, and indirect moxibustion, in which monkshood cakes or ginger or garlic slices are used to insulate the skin fr...
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Published in: | Complementary therapies in medicine 2006-09, Vol.14 (3), p.213-219 |
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description | Moxibustion has been a part of acupuncture practice for thousands of years. Traditionally, it includes direct moxibustion, in which moxa sticks are burned at acupuncture points on the skin, and indirect moxibustion, in which monkshood cakes or ginger or garlic slices are used to insulate the skin from burning moxa cones. Recently randomised clinical trials and clinical observations suggest that moxibustion can enhance physiological and immune functions, but there has been little investigation of the scientific basis of these traditional techniques. The present study compared the infrared radiation caused by these techniques to that of non-specific controls and to that of the human body surface at an acupuncture point.
A highly sensitive, infrared-spectrum detection device was used to compare the spectra of traditional moxibustion materials (
n
=
4/group) with those of control materials (
n
=
4/group) and to the spectrum at the surface of an acupuncture point LI 4 (Hegu) in healthy volunteers (
n
=
7).
(1)
The infrared radiation intensity produced by a traditional moxa stick was 43300.41
mV, with a peak on the infrared spectrum of 3.5
μm, while the respective radiation intensities of two controls, a smokeless moxa stick and a 555 cigarette, were 31.15
mV and 37.03
mV with peaks of 7
μm and 3.5
μm.
(2)
The infrared radiation intensities of the three traditional media of indirect moxibustion, monkshood cake, ginger slices and garlic slices, were 520.27
mV, 594.79
mV and 681.87
mV, respectively, all with peaks around 7.5
μm and similar spectra. In contrast, the infrared radiation intensities of slices of cucumber and carrot, used as control media for indirect moxibustion, were 274.47
mV and 50.53
mV, respectively, substantially different from those of the traditional media.
(3)
Infrared radiation at LI 4 (Hegu) was 20.40
mV, and peaked on the infrared spectrum at about 7.5
μm.
The experiment showed that the thermal action of the traditional moxa stick was more potent than that of indirect moxibustion and its radiation peak was different from that at the acupuncture point on the human body. In contrast, the thermal action of traditional indirect moxibustion was modest and its radiation peak matched that at the acupuncture point.
Direct moxibustion with a traditional moxa stick may produce its potent therapeutic effects by thermal action, while traditional indirect moxibustion may act by producing modest thermal action and a sympathetic vibration at the skin sur |
doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.ctim.2005.09.003 |
format | article |
fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_68751256</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><els_id>S0965229905001184</els_id><sourcerecordid>68751256</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c448t-f4d3d613fb95c55e0d59e00c810ee55f760c447e84d10ee980cce2219fbef5593</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kMFq3DAQhkVpaLZpX6CHYijkZmdkrWQLcgkhaQOBXNJDT0KWRqyWtbWV5JJ9-8jdhUAPPQ0aff_P8BHyhUJDgYqrbWOyH5sWgDcgGwD2jqxo37FaSMHekxVIweu2lfKcfExpCwCSdewDOadCUiqhXZFfN1PlJxd1RFtFbb3OPkxVyrM9VMFVeYPV4MN-c0je6F1lNjpqkzH6lL1Jf5EltqTK9xhe_DCn5fWJnDm9S_j5NC_Iz_u759sf9ePT94fbm8farNd9rt3aMisoc4PkhnMEyyUCmJ4CIueuE1DADvu1XTayB2Owbal0AzrOJbsgl8fefQy_Z0xZjT4Z3O30hGFOSvQdpy0XBfz2D7gNcyxXJ0WBFUtFSl-o9kiZGFKK6NQ--lHHQ4HUol1t1aJdLdoVSFW0l9DXU_U8jGjfIifPBbg-AlhM_PEYVTIeJ4PWRzRZ2eD_1_8K0A-UsA</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1032996918</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>An infrared radiation study of the biophysical characteristics of traditional moxibustion</title><source>ScienceDirect Freedom Collection</source><creator>Shen, Xueyong ; Ding, Guanghong ; Wei, Jianzi ; Zhao, Ling ; Zhou, Yu ; Deng, Haiping ; Lao, Lixing</creator><creatorcontrib>Shen, Xueyong ; Ding, Guanghong ; Wei, Jianzi ; Zhao, Ling ; Zhou, Yu ; Deng, Haiping ; Lao, Lixing</creatorcontrib><description>Moxibustion has been a part of acupuncture practice for thousands of years. Traditionally, it includes direct moxibustion, in which moxa sticks are burned at acupuncture points on the skin, and indirect moxibustion, in which monkshood cakes or ginger or garlic slices are used to insulate the skin from burning moxa cones. Recently randomised clinical trials and clinical observations suggest that moxibustion can enhance physiological and immune functions, but there has been little investigation of the scientific basis of these traditional techniques. The present study compared the infrared radiation caused by these techniques to that of non-specific controls and to that of the human body surface at an acupuncture point.
A highly sensitive, infrared-spectrum detection device was used to compare the spectra of traditional moxibustion materials (
n
=
4/group) with those of control materials (
n
=
4/group) and to the spectrum at the surface of an acupuncture point LI 4 (Hegu) in healthy volunteers (
n
=
7).
(1)
The infrared radiation intensity produced by a traditional moxa stick was 43300.41
mV, with a peak on the infrared spectrum of 3.5
μm, while the respective radiation intensities of two controls, a smokeless moxa stick and a 555 cigarette, were 31.15
mV and 37.03
mV with peaks of 7
μm and 3.5
μm.
(2)
The infrared radiation intensities of the three traditional media of indirect moxibustion, monkshood cake, ginger slices and garlic slices, were 520.27
mV, 594.79
mV and 681.87
mV, respectively, all with peaks around 7.5
μm and similar spectra. In contrast, the infrared radiation intensities of slices of cucumber and carrot, used as control media for indirect moxibustion, were 274.47
mV and 50.53
mV, respectively, substantially different from those of the traditional media.
(3)
Infrared radiation at LI 4 (Hegu) was 20.40
mV, and peaked on the infrared spectrum at about 7.5
μm.
The experiment showed that the thermal action of the traditional moxa stick was more potent than that of indirect moxibustion and its radiation peak was different from that at the acupuncture point on the human body. In contrast, the thermal action of traditional indirect moxibustion was modest and its radiation peak matched that at the acupuncture point.
Direct moxibustion with a traditional moxa stick may produce its potent therapeutic effects by thermal action, while traditional indirect moxibustion may act by producing modest thermal action and a sympathetic vibration at the skin surface. Non-traditional thermal materials and media may not be suitable substitutes for traditional materials. The data provide a scientific, biophysical rationale for traditional moxibustion.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0965-2299</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-6963</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2005.09.003</identifier><identifier>PMID: 16911902</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Scotland: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Acupuncture ; Acupuncture point ; Adult ; Artemisia ; Biophysical Phenomena ; Biophysics ; Chinese medicine ; Experiments ; Female ; Human body ; Humans ; Infrared radiation ; Infrared Rays ; Male ; Moxibustion ; Skin ; Spectrophotometry, Infrared ; Spectrum ; Studies ; Tobacco</subject><ispartof>Complementary therapies in medicine, 2006-09, Vol.14 (3), p.213-219</ispartof><rights>2005 Elsevier Ltd</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c448t-f4d3d613fb95c55e0d59e00c810ee55f760c447e84d10ee980cce2219fbef5593</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c448t-f4d3d613fb95c55e0d59e00c810ee55f760c447e84d10ee980cce2219fbef5593</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16911902$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Shen, Xueyong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ding, Guanghong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wei, Jianzi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhao, Ling</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhou, Yu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Deng, Haiping</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lao, Lixing</creatorcontrib><title>An infrared radiation study of the biophysical characteristics of traditional moxibustion</title><title>Complementary therapies in medicine</title><addtitle>Complement Ther Med</addtitle><description>Moxibustion has been a part of acupuncture practice for thousands of years. Traditionally, it includes direct moxibustion, in which moxa sticks are burned at acupuncture points on the skin, and indirect moxibustion, in which monkshood cakes or ginger or garlic slices are used to insulate the skin from burning moxa cones. Recently randomised clinical trials and clinical observations suggest that moxibustion can enhance physiological and immune functions, but there has been little investigation of the scientific basis of these traditional techniques. The present study compared the infrared radiation caused by these techniques to that of non-specific controls and to that of the human body surface at an acupuncture point.
A highly sensitive, infrared-spectrum detection device was used to compare the spectra of traditional moxibustion materials (
n
=
4/group) with those of control materials (
n
=
4/group) and to the spectrum at the surface of an acupuncture point LI 4 (Hegu) in healthy volunteers (
n
=
7).
(1)
The infrared radiation intensity produced by a traditional moxa stick was 43300.41
mV, with a peak on the infrared spectrum of 3.5
μm, while the respective radiation intensities of two controls, a smokeless moxa stick and a 555 cigarette, were 31.15
mV and 37.03
mV with peaks of 7
μm and 3.5
μm.
(2)
The infrared radiation intensities of the three traditional media of indirect moxibustion, monkshood cake, ginger slices and garlic slices, were 520.27
mV, 594.79
mV and 681.87
mV, respectively, all with peaks around 7.5
μm and similar spectra. In contrast, the infrared radiation intensities of slices of cucumber and carrot, used as control media for indirect moxibustion, were 274.47
mV and 50.53
mV, respectively, substantially different from those of the traditional media.
(3)
Infrared radiation at LI 4 (Hegu) was 20.40
mV, and peaked on the infrared spectrum at about 7.5
μm.
The experiment showed that the thermal action of the traditional moxa stick was more potent than that of indirect moxibustion and its radiation peak was different from that at the acupuncture point on the human body. In contrast, the thermal action of traditional indirect moxibustion was modest and its radiation peak matched that at the acupuncture point.
Direct moxibustion with a traditional moxa stick may produce its potent therapeutic effects by thermal action, while traditional indirect moxibustion may act by producing modest thermal action and a sympathetic vibration at the skin surface. Non-traditional thermal materials and media may not be suitable substitutes for traditional materials. The data provide a scientific, biophysical rationale for traditional moxibustion.</description><subject>Acupuncture</subject><subject>Acupuncture point</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Artemisia</subject><subject>Biophysical Phenomena</subject><subject>Biophysics</subject><subject>Chinese medicine</subject><subject>Experiments</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Human body</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Infrared radiation</subject><subject>Infrared Rays</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Moxibustion</subject><subject>Skin</subject><subject>Spectrophotometry, Infrared</subject><subject>Spectrum</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Tobacco</subject><issn>0965-2299</issn><issn>1873-6963</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2006</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kMFq3DAQhkVpaLZpX6CHYijkZmdkrWQLcgkhaQOBXNJDT0KWRqyWtbWV5JJ9-8jdhUAPPQ0aff_P8BHyhUJDgYqrbWOyH5sWgDcgGwD2jqxo37FaSMHekxVIweu2lfKcfExpCwCSdewDOadCUiqhXZFfN1PlJxd1RFtFbb3OPkxVyrM9VMFVeYPV4MN-c0je6F1lNjpqkzH6lL1Jf5EltqTK9xhe_DCn5fWJnDm9S_j5NC_Iz_u759sf9ePT94fbm8farNd9rt3aMisoc4PkhnMEyyUCmJ4CIueuE1DADvu1XTayB2Owbal0AzrOJbsgl8fefQy_Z0xZjT4Z3O30hGFOSvQdpy0XBfz2D7gNcyxXJ0WBFUtFSl-o9kiZGFKK6NQ--lHHQ4HUol1t1aJdLdoVSFW0l9DXU_U8jGjfIifPBbg-AlhM_PEYVTIeJ4PWRzRZ2eD_1_8K0A-UsA</recordid><startdate>20060901</startdate><enddate>20060901</enddate><creator>Shen, Xueyong</creator><creator>Ding, Guanghong</creator><creator>Wei, Jianzi</creator><creator>Zhao, Ling</creator><creator>Zhou, Yu</creator><creator>Deng, Haiping</creator><creator>Lao, Lixing</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Elsevier Limited</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7TS</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88C</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88G</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AN0</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>K9-</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>M0R</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M0T</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2M</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PSYQQ</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20060901</creationdate><title>An infrared radiation study of the biophysical characteristics of traditional moxibustion</title><author>Shen, Xueyong ; Ding, Guanghong ; Wei, Jianzi ; Zhao, Ling ; Zhou, Yu ; Deng, Haiping ; Lao, Lixing</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c448t-f4d3d613fb95c55e0d59e00c810ee55f760c447e84d10ee980cce2219fbef5593</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2006</creationdate><topic>Acupuncture</topic><topic>Acupuncture point</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Artemisia</topic><topic>Biophysical Phenomena</topic><topic>Biophysics</topic><topic>Chinese medicine</topic><topic>Experiments</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Human body</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Infrared radiation</topic><topic>Infrared Rays</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Moxibustion</topic><topic>Skin</topic><topic>Spectrophotometry, Infrared</topic><topic>Spectrum</topic><topic>Studies</topic><topic>Tobacco</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Shen, Xueyong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ding, Guanghong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wei, Jianzi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhao, Ling</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhou, Yu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Deng, Haiping</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lao, Lixing</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Physical Education Index</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Healthcare Administration Database (Alumni)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Psychology Database (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Research Library (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>British Nursing Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Research Library Prep</collection><collection>Consumer Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Consumer Health Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health Management Database</collection><collection>PML(ProQuest Medical Library)</collection><collection>Psychology Database (ProQuest)</collection><collection>ProQuest research library</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Research Library (Corporate)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>ProQuest One Psychology</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Complementary therapies in medicine</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Shen, Xueyong</au><au>Ding, Guanghong</au><au>Wei, Jianzi</au><au>Zhao, Ling</au><au>Zhou, Yu</au><au>Deng, Haiping</au><au>Lao, Lixing</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>An infrared radiation study of the biophysical characteristics of traditional moxibustion</atitle><jtitle>Complementary therapies in medicine</jtitle><addtitle>Complement Ther Med</addtitle><date>2006-09-01</date><risdate>2006</risdate><volume>14</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>213</spage><epage>219</epage><pages>213-219</pages><issn>0965-2299</issn><eissn>1873-6963</eissn><abstract>Moxibustion has been a part of acupuncture practice for thousands of years. Traditionally, it includes direct moxibustion, in which moxa sticks are burned at acupuncture points on the skin, and indirect moxibustion, in which monkshood cakes or ginger or garlic slices are used to insulate the skin from burning moxa cones. Recently randomised clinical trials and clinical observations suggest that moxibustion can enhance physiological and immune functions, but there has been little investigation of the scientific basis of these traditional techniques. The present study compared the infrared radiation caused by these techniques to that of non-specific controls and to that of the human body surface at an acupuncture point.
A highly sensitive, infrared-spectrum detection device was used to compare the spectra of traditional moxibustion materials (
n
=
4/group) with those of control materials (
n
=
4/group) and to the spectrum at the surface of an acupuncture point LI 4 (Hegu) in healthy volunteers (
n
=
7).
(1)
The infrared radiation intensity produced by a traditional moxa stick was 43300.41
mV, with a peak on the infrared spectrum of 3.5
μm, while the respective radiation intensities of two controls, a smokeless moxa stick and a 555 cigarette, were 31.15
mV and 37.03
mV with peaks of 7
μm and 3.5
μm.
(2)
The infrared radiation intensities of the three traditional media of indirect moxibustion, monkshood cake, ginger slices and garlic slices, were 520.27
mV, 594.79
mV and 681.87
mV, respectively, all with peaks around 7.5
μm and similar spectra. In contrast, the infrared radiation intensities of slices of cucumber and carrot, used as control media for indirect moxibustion, were 274.47
mV and 50.53
mV, respectively, substantially different from those of the traditional media.
(3)
Infrared radiation at LI 4 (Hegu) was 20.40
mV, and peaked on the infrared spectrum at about 7.5
μm.
The experiment showed that the thermal action of the traditional moxa stick was more potent than that of indirect moxibustion and its radiation peak was different from that at the acupuncture point on the human body. In contrast, the thermal action of traditional indirect moxibustion was modest and its radiation peak matched that at the acupuncture point.
Direct moxibustion with a traditional moxa stick may produce its potent therapeutic effects by thermal action, while traditional indirect moxibustion may act by producing modest thermal action and a sympathetic vibration at the skin surface. Non-traditional thermal materials and media may not be suitable substitutes for traditional materials. The data provide a scientific, biophysical rationale for traditional moxibustion.</abstract><cop>Scotland</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>16911902</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.ctim.2005.09.003</doi><tpages>7</tpages></addata></record> |
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subjects | Acupuncture Acupuncture point Adult Artemisia Biophysical Phenomena Biophysics Chinese medicine Experiments Female Human body Humans Infrared radiation Infrared Rays Male Moxibustion Skin Spectrophotometry, Infrared Spectrum Studies Tobacco |
title | An infrared radiation study of the biophysical characteristics of traditional moxibustion |
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