Preoperative Serum Caveolin-1 as a Prognostic Marker for Recurrence in a Radical Prostatectomy Cohort

• Published in: Clinical cancer research 2006-08, Vol.12 (16), p.4872-4875
• Main Authors: TAHIR, Salahaldin A, FROLOV, Anna, HAYES, Teresa G, MIMS, Martha P, MILES, Brian J, LERNER, Seth P, WHEELER, Thomas M, AYALA, Gustavo, THOMPSON, Timothy C, KADMON, Dov
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; Aged; Antineoplastic agents; Biological and medical sciences; Biomarkers, Tumor - blood; Caveolin 1 - blood; caveolin-1; Cohort Studies; combined preoperative biomarker; Humans; Male; Medical sciences; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local - blood; Pharmacology. Drug treatments; Prognosis; prostate cancer recurrence; Prostate-Specific Antigen - blood; Prostatectomy; Prostatic Neoplasms - blood; Prostatic Neoplasms - surgery; radical prostatectomy; serum biomarkers
• ISSN: 1078-0432; 1557-3265
• DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-06-0417

Purpose: Up-regulation of caveolin-1 (cav-1) is associated with virulent prostate cancer, and serum cav-1 levels are elevated in prostate cancer patients but not in benign prostatic hyperplasia. In this study, we evaluated the potential of high preoperative serum cav-1 levels to predict biochemical progression of prostate cancer. The value of the combined preoperative markers, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), biopsy Gleason score, and serum cav-1 for predicting biochemical recurrence was also investigated. Experimental Design: Serum samples taken from 419 prostate cancer patients before radical prostatectomy were selected from our Specialized Programs of Research Excellence prostate cancer serum and tissue bank. Serum samples were obtained 0 to 180 days before surgery and all patients had complete data on age, sex, race, stage at enrollment, and follow-up for biochemical recurrence. Serum cav-1 levels were measured according to our previously reported ELISA protocol. Results: Cav-1 levels were measured in the sera of 419 prostate cancer patients; the mean serum level was 4.52 ng/mL (median 1.01 ng/mL). Patients with high serum cav-1 levels had a 2.7-fold ( P = 0.0493) greater risk of developing biochemical recurrence compared with those with low serum cav-1 levels. Importantly, patients with serum PSA ≥ 10 ng/mL and elevated levels of serum cav-1 had 2.44 times higher risk ( P = 0.0256) of developing biochemical recurrence compared with patients with low levels of cav-1. In addition, high serum cav-1 levels combined with increasing biopsy Gleason score predicted much shorter recurrence-free survival in the group of patients with PSA ≥ 10 ng/mL ( P = 0.0353). Cav-1 was also able to distinguish between high- and low- risk patients with biopsy Gleason score of seven, after adjusting, for patients PSA levels ( P = 0.0429). Conclusions: Overall, elevated preoperative levels of serum cav-1 predict decreased time to cancer recurrence. In the subset of patients with serum PSA of ≥10 ng/mL, the combination of serum cav-1 and biopsy Gleason score has the capacity to predict time to biochemical recurrence.