The impact of exposure variables on the induction of skin sensitization

Whereas many investigations of the variables associated with the elicitation of allergic contact dermatitis have been undertaken, to the point where we can begin to predict the likelihood of elicitation occurring in a given situation, the same is not true for the induction of skin sensitization. Stu...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Contact dermatitis 2006-09, Vol.55 (3), p.178-185
Main Authors: Basketter, David A., Jefferies, Donna, Safford, Bob J., Gilmour, Nicola J., Jowsey, Ian R., Mcfadden, John, Chansinghakul, Wannisa, Duangdeeden, Imelda, Kullavanijaya, Preya
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adolescent
Adult
Allergens - administration & dosage
Allergic diseases
Biological and medical sciences
Dermatitis, Allergic Contact - diagnosis
Dermatitis, Allergic Contact - etiology
Dermatitis, Allergic Contact - pathology
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
Female
human repeated insult patch test
Humans
Immunopathology
induction threshold
local lymph node assay
Male
Medical sciences
Middle Aged
Patch Tests - standards
Phenylenediamines - administration & dosage
Reference Values
risk assessment
Skin allergic diseases. Stinging insect allergies
skin sensitization
Time Factors
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Summary:Whereas many investigations of the variables associated with the elicitation of allergic contact dermatitis have been undertaken, to the point where we can begin to predict the likelihood of elicitation occurring in a given situation, the same is not true for the induction of skin sensitization. Studies have demonstrated that increasing dose has an impact; in an experimental setting, a number of variables received attention some decades ago. However, in the work reported here, the relative importance of the frequency and the duration of exposure is highlighted. In an investigation using a human repeated insult patch test, it was demonstrated that reduction of the exposure duration from 48 hr to 5 min decreased the rate of sensitization to 1% p‐phenylenediamine (PPD) from 54% to 3%. However, in an extended clinical study, it was observed that infrequent but longer duration and higher concentration exposure to PPD was significantly less likely to induce sensitization compared to more frequent, short duration, and lower concentration exposure. Detailed statistical analysis of the results indicated that the most important factor driving the induction of skin sensitization was the number of exposures.
ISSN:0105-1873
1600-0536
DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0536.2006.00906.x