Impact of cereal fibre on glucose-regulating factors

• Published in: Diabetologia 2005-11, Vol.48 (11), p.2343-2353
• Main Authors: WEICKERT, M. O, MOHLIG, M, PFEIFFER, A. F. H, KOEBNICK, C, HOLST, J. J, NAMSOLLECK, P, RISTOW, M, OSTERHOFF, M, ROCHLITZ, H, RUDOVICH, N, SPRANGER, J
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; Area Under Curve; Biological and medical sciences; Blood Glucose - metabolism; Bread; Carbohydrates; Cardiovascular disease; Colon - metabolism; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes; Diabetes. Impaired glucose tolerance; Dietary Fiber - pharmacology; Edible Grain - chemistry; Endocrine pancreas. Apud cells (diseases); Endocrinopathies; Etiopathogenesis. Screening. Investigations. Target tissue resistance; Fermentation; Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide - blood; Glucagon; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 - blood; Glucose; Glucose - metabolism; Humans; Hydrogen - analysis; Insulin - blood; Insulin resistance; Intervention; Medical sciences; Metabolism; Nutrition; Polypeptides; Random Allocation; Starch
• ISSN: 0012-186X; 1432-0428
• DOI: 10.1007/s00125-005-1941-x

Insoluble dietary fibre intake is associated, by unknown mechanisms, with a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes. We investigated whether a short-term dietary intervention with purified insoluble fibres influences acute and delayed responses of glucose, insulin, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide 1. Fourteen healthy women with NGT were studied for 300 min on six to eight occasions. Subjects consumed three matched portions of control (C) or fibre-enriched bread (10.4-10.6 g/portion; wheat fibre [WF], oat fibre [OF], and, in a substudy [n=9], resistant starch [RS]) followed by control (C-C, C-WF, C-OF, C-RS) on subsequent days. Fibre enrichment accelerated the early insulin response (fibrextime interaction p=0.026 for WF, p0.15]). Increased fibre intake for 24 h was further associated with a reduced postprandial glucose response on the following day subsequent to ingestion of a control meal (AUC(C-C) 4,140+/-401, AUC(C-WF) 2,850+/-331 [p=0.007], AUC(C-OF) 2,830+/-277 [p=0.011]), with no difference in maximal concentration and T(max) of glucose responses. No differences in insulin responses were observed 24 h after the fibre-enriched diets compared with control (p>0.15). Colonic fermentation was increased only on study days C-OF (p=0.017) and C-RS (p=0.016). The consumption of highly purified insoluble dietary fibres accelerated the acute GIP and insulin response and was further associated with enhanced postprandial carbohydrate handling the following day upon ingestion of a control meal.