Effects of Protein, Monounsaturated Fat, and Carbohydrate Intake on Blood Pressure and Serum Lipids: Results of the OmniHeart Randomized Trial

CONTEXT Reduced intake of saturated fat is widely recommended for prevention of cardiovascular disease. The type of macronutrient that should replace saturated fat remains uncertain. OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of 3 healthful diets, each with reduced saturated fat intake, on blood pressure and...

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Published in:JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association 2005-11, Vol.294 (19), p.2455-2464
Main Authors: Appel, Lawrence J, Sacks, Frank M, Carey, Vincent J, Obarzanek, Eva, Swain, Janis F, Miller, Edgar R, Conlin, Paul R, Erlinger, Thomas P, Rosner, Bernard A, Laranjo, Nancy M, Charleston, Jeanne, McCarron, Phyllis, Bishop, Louise M, OmniHeart Collaborative Research Group, for the
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Biological and medical sciences
Blood Pressure
Carbohydrates
Cardiovascular disease
Cardiovascular Diseases - prevention & control
Cholesterol, LDL - blood
Cross-Over Studies
Diet, Atherogenic
Dietary Carbohydrates
Dietary Fats, Unsaturated
Dietary Proteins
Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated
Female
General aspects
Health risk assessment
Humans
Hypertension
Lipids
Lipids - blood
Low density lipoprotein
Male
Medical sciences
Middle Aged
Oils & fats
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Summary:CONTEXT Reduced intake of saturated fat is widely recommended for prevention of cardiovascular disease. The type of macronutrient that should replace saturated fat remains uncertain. OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of 3 healthful diets, each with reduced saturated fat intake, on blood pressure and serum lipids. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Randomized, 3-period, crossover feeding study (April 2003 to June 2005) conducted in Baltimore, Md, and Boston, Mass. Participants were 164 adults with prehypertension or stage 1 hypertension. Each feeding period lasted 6 weeks and body weight was kept constant. INTERVENTIONS A diet rich in carbohydrates; a diet rich in protein, about half from plant sources; and a diet rich in unsaturated fat, predominantly monounsaturated fat. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Systolic blood pressure and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. RESULTS Blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and estimated coronary heart disease risk were lower on each diet compared with baseline. Compared with the carbohydrate diet, the protein diet further decreased mean systolic blood pressure by 1.4 mm Hg (P = .002) and by 3.5 mm Hg (P = .006) among those with hypertension and decreased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol by 3.3 mg/dL (0.09 mmol/L; P = .01), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol by 1.3 mg/dL (0.03 mmol/L; P = .02), and triglycerides by 15.7 mg/dL (0.18 mmol/L; P
ISSN:0098-7484
1538-3598
DOI:10.1001/jama.294.19.2455