Who drinks and why? A review of socio-demographic, personality, and contextual issues behind the drinking motives in young people

The aim was to review the empirical research carried out over the last 15 years on the characteristics of young people (10- to 25-year olds) who have specific motives for drinking. In a computer-assisted search of relevant literature, 82 studies were identified. Concerning demographic factors, a dev...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Addictive behaviors 2006-10, Vol.31 (10), p.1844-1857
Main Authors: Kuntsche, Emmanuel, Knibbe, Ronald, Gmel, Gerhard, Engels, Rutger
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adaptation, Psychological
Adolescent
Adolescents
Adult
Age Factors
Alcohol Drinking - psychology
Alcohol use
Anxiety - etiology
Child
Culture
Drinking motives
Gender differences
Humans
Literature review
Motivation
Personality
Personality traits
Reasons for drinking
Sex Factors
Social psychology
Young adults
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Summary:The aim was to review the empirical research carried out over the last 15 years on the characteristics of young people (10- to 25-year olds) who have specific motives for drinking. In a computer-assisted search of relevant literature, 82 studies were identified. Concerning demographic factors, a developmental trend was found — from general, undifferentiated drinking motives in late childhood and early adolescence to more gender-specific drinking motives in subsequent years. With regard to personality factors, two specific patterns can be distinguished: extraversion and sensation-seeking correlate with enhancement motives, while neuroticism and anxiety correlate most strongly with coping motives. For contextual factors, drinking motives were found to vary across countries but not among different ethnic groups in the same culture. Based on these results, preventive strategies should take into account general, undifferentiated drinking motivation in late childhood, and social and enhancement motives in adolescence, particularly among boys. Findings on personality indicate that it would be useful to focus on extraverted, sensation-seeking boys who drink for enhancement motives and neurotic, anxious girls who drink for coping motives.
ISSN:0306-4603
1873-6327
DOI:10.1016/j.addbeh.2005.12.028