False negative diagnosis of HIV-1

We report a case of a false negative diagnosis of HIV-1 infection in an African girl. Two HIV-1 DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests were negative at the second and fourth months of life. Because anti-HIV antibodies persisted when the patient was 18 months old, the HIV-1 RNA PCR test was perfor...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Anales de pediatría (Barcelona, Spain : 2003) Spain : 2003), 2006-08, Vol.65 (2), p.158-161
Main Authors: Díaz Pernas, P, Riesco Riesco, S, Larrú Martínez, B, Muñoz-Fernández, M A, García-Bujalance, S, de José Gómez, Maria I
Format: Article
Language:Spanish
Subjects:
Child, Preschool
False Negative Reactions
Female
Follow-Up Studies
HIV Infections - diagnosis
HIV-1
Humans
Infant
Infant, Newborn
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Summary:We report a case of a false negative diagnosis of HIV-1 infection in an African girl. Two HIV-1 DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests were negative at the second and fourth months of life. Because anti-HIV antibodies persisted when the patient was 18 months old, the HIV-1 RNA PCR test was performed with a positive result, confirming HIV-1 non-B subtype, recombinant A-G. The prevalence of non-B HIV-1 subtypes are increasing in Spain, which could be related to the phenomenon of immigration. Approximately one-third of HIV-infected foreigners have non-B subtypes and the percentage increases to 70 % of the African population in Spain. In non-B HIV-1 subtypes, false negative results and inconsistencies between viral load and CD4 count are more frequent. These subtypes also show a higher rate of resistance to protease inhibitors, which can have therapeutic implications.
ISSN:1695-4033