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Mice Deficient for the Vesicular Acetylcholine Transporter Are Myasthenic and Have Deficits in Object and Social Recognition
An important step for cholinergic transmission involves the vesicular storage of acetylcholine (ACh), a process mediated by the vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT). In order to understand the physiological roles of the VAChT, we developed a genetically altered strain of mice with reduced exp...
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Published in: | Neuron (Cambridge, Mass.) Mass.), 2006-09, Vol.51 (5), p.601-612 |
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creator | Prado, Vania F. Martins-Silva, Cristina de Castro, Braulio M. Lima, Ricardo F. Barros, Daniela M. Amaral, Ernani Ramsey, Amy J. Sotnikova, Tatyana D. Ramirez, Maria R. Kim, Hyung-Gun Rossato, Janine I. Koenen, Janaina Quan, Hui Cota, Vinicius R. Moraes, Marcio F.D. Gomez, Marcus V. Guatimosim, Cristina Wetsel, William C. Kushmerick, Christopher Pereira, Grace S. Gainetdinov, Raul R. Izquierdo, Ivan Caron, Marc G. Prado, Marco A.M. |
description | An important step for cholinergic transmission involves the vesicular storage of acetylcholine (ACh), a process mediated by the vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT). In order to understand the physiological roles of the VAChT, we developed a genetically altered strain of mice with reduced expression of this transporter. Heterozygous and homozygous VAChT knockdown mice have a 45% and 65% decrease in VAChT protein expression, respectively. VAChT deficiency alters synaptic vesicle filling and affects ACh release. Whereas VAChT homozygous mutant mice demonstrate major neuromuscular deficits, VAChT heterozygous mice appear normal in that respect and could be used for analysis of central cholinergic function. Behavioral analyses revealed that aversive learning and memory are not altered in mutant mice; however, performance in cognitive tasks involving object and social recognition is severely impaired. These observations suggest a critical role of VAChT in the regulation of ACh release and physiological functions in the peripheral and central nervous system. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.neuron.2006.08.005 |
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In order to understand the physiological roles of the VAChT, we developed a genetically altered strain of mice with reduced expression of this transporter. Heterozygous and homozygous VAChT knockdown mice have a 45% and 65% decrease in VAChT protein expression, respectively. VAChT deficiency alters synaptic vesicle filling and affects ACh release. Whereas VAChT homozygous mutant mice demonstrate major neuromuscular deficits, VAChT heterozygous mice appear normal in that respect and could be used for analysis of central cholinergic function. Behavioral analyses revealed that aversive learning and memory are not altered in mutant mice; however, performance in cognitive tasks involving object and social recognition is severely impaired. 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In order to understand the physiological roles of the VAChT, we developed a genetically altered strain of mice with reduced expression of this transporter. Heterozygous and homozygous VAChT knockdown mice have a 45% and 65% decrease in VAChT protein expression, respectively. VAChT deficiency alters synaptic vesicle filling and affects ACh release. Whereas VAChT homozygous mutant mice demonstrate major neuromuscular deficits, VAChT heterozygous mice appear normal in that respect and could be used for analysis of central cholinergic function. Behavioral analyses revealed that aversive learning and memory are not altered in mutant mice; however, performance in cognitive tasks involving object and social recognition is severely impaired. These observations suggest a critical role of VAChT in the regulation of ACh release and physiological functions in the peripheral and central nervous system.</description><subject>Acetylcholine - analysis</subject><subject>Acetylcholine - secretion</subject><subject>Alzheimer's disease</subject><subject>Animal cognition</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Behavior</subject><subject>Blotting, Northern</subject><subject>Blotting, Southern</subject><subject>Brain - metabolism</subject><subject>Brain - pathology</subject><subject>Brain - physiopathology</subject><subject>Brain Chemistry</subject><subject>Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid</subject><subject>Experiments</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Gene expression</subject><subject>Grants</subject><subject>Kinases</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Membrane Potentials - physiology</subject><subject>Mice</subject><subject>Mice, Transgenic</subject><subject>Microdialysis</subject><subject>MOLNEURO</subject><subject>Motor Activity - 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subjects | Acetylcholine - analysis Acetylcholine - secretion Alzheimer's disease Animal cognition Animals Behavior Blotting, Northern Blotting, Southern Brain - metabolism Brain - pathology Brain - physiopathology Brain Chemistry Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid Experiments Female Gene expression Grants Kinases Male Membrane Potentials - physiology Mice Mice, Transgenic Microdialysis MOLNEURO Motor Activity - physiology Neuromuscular Junction - metabolism Neuromuscular Junction - pathology Neuromuscular Junction - physiopathology Neuromuscular Junction Diseases - etiology Neuromuscular Junction Diseases - pathology Neuromuscular Junction Diseases - physiopathology Polymerase Chain Reaction Proteins Recognition (Psychology) - physiology RNA, Messenger - analysis Rodents Spinal cord Synaptic Transmission - physiology SYSNEURO Vesicular Acetylcholine Transport Proteins - deficiency Vesicular Acetylcholine Transport Proteins - genetics |
title | Mice Deficient for the Vesicular Acetylcholine Transporter Are Myasthenic and Have Deficits in Object and Social Recognition |
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