The impact of early adverse care on HPA axis development: Nonhuman primate models

This review presents supporting evidence that early disruptions in mother–infant relationship in primates, including infant maltreatment, are important risk factors for the development of psychopathology and pathophysiology during childhood and adolescence. Current research in this field is trying t...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Hormones and behavior 2006-11, Vol.50 (4), p.623-631
Main Author: Sanchez, Mar M.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animal behavior
Animals
Behavior disorders
Behavior, Animal
Behavioral psychophysiology
Biological and medical sciences
Child abuse & neglect
Early adverse experiences
Endocrine system
Female
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Hormones and behavior
HPA axis
Humans
Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System - physiopathology
Infant maltreatment
Maternal Behavior
Models, Animal
Monkey
Pituitary-Adrenal System - physiopathology
Primates
Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry
Psychology. Psychophysiology
Risk factors
Stress
Stress, Physiological - physiopathology
Stress, Physiological - psychology
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Summary:This review presents supporting evidence that early disruptions in mother–infant relationship in primates, including infant maltreatment, are important risk factors for the development of psychopathology and pathophysiology during childhood and adolescence. Current research in this field is trying to identify important aspects of early adverse experiences such as the timing, frequency, duration, “perceived” intensity of the stressful or traumatic events, the role of social support (e.g., nurturing caregiver) in buffering the deleterious outcomes of early adversity, as well as the role of sex and genetic factors on individual variability in vulnerability. The use of nonhuman primate models of early adverse caregiving is helping to put the pieces of the puzzle together to fully understand the causes and consequences of similar experiences in humans. These models are essential to characterize the time course of biobehavioral alterations throughout development, using prospective, longitudinal studies performed under controlled experimental conditions and using invasive approaches that are unrealistic and unethical when studying human populations.
ISSN:0018-506X
1095-6867
DOI:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2006.06.012