Enalapril Preserves Sinus Node Function in a Canine Atrial Fibrillation Model Induced by Rapid Atrial Pacing

• Published in: Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology 2005-11, Vol.16 (11), p.1209-1214
• Main Authors: SAKABE, MASAO, FUJIKI, AKIRA, NISHIDA, KUNIHIRO, SUGAO, MASATAKA, NAGASAWA, HIDEHIKO, TSUNEDA, TAKAYUKI, MIZUMAKI, KOICHI, INOUE, HIROSHI
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Analysis of Variance; angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors - pharmacology; Animals; apoptosis; atrial fibrillation; Atrial Fibrillation - physiopathology; Atrial Fibrillation - prevention & control; Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; Dogs; Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac; Enalapril - pharmacology; interstitial fibrosis adipose tissue; Random Allocation; Sinoatrial Node - drug effects; Sinoatrial Node - pathology; sinus node function
• ISSN: 1045-3873; 1540-8167
• DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-8167.2005.50100.x

Effects of enalapril on canine sinus node (SN) dysfunction induced by long‐term rapid atrial pacing were investigated. Methods and Results: Seventeen beagles were pretreated with either placebo (group I, n = 9) or enalapril 1 mg/kg/day (group II, n = 8) and paced at 500/min from the right atrial appendage for 4 weeks. Every week, corrected sinus node recovery time (CSNRT) and sinus cycle length (SCL) were measured. Quantitative analysis of interstitial fibrosis (IF) and adipose tissue (AT) in the SN was performed with Masson's trichrome stain, and apoptosis of the sinus nodal cells were detected with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase nick end‐labeling. In group I, rapid atrial pacing prolonged both CSNRT and SCL. After 4 weeks of pacing, CSNRT and SCL were significantly shorter in group II (CSNRT, 410 ± 37 msec; SCL, 426 ± 34 msec) than in group I (CSNRT, 717 ± 52 msec, P < 0.005; SCL, 568 ± 73 msec, P < 0.05). Both IF and AT of the SN were greater in group I (IF, 9.7 ± 1.9%; AT, 32.6 ± 5.9%) than in seven sham dogs (IF, 2.4 ± 0.9%, P < 0.05; AT, 4.0 ± 1.7%, P < 0.05) and in group II dogs (IF, 4.0 ± 2.0%, P < 0.05; AT, 4.0 ± 1.7%, P < 0.05). End‐labeling assay was positive in three of nine dogs in group I, but negative in group II and sham dogs. Conclusions: Rapid atrial pacing impaired SN function through IF and AT of the SN. Enalapril prevented these pacing‐induced degenerative changes and improved SN function.