Applying the Transtheoretical Model to Exercise: A Systematic and Comprehensive Review of the Literature

Three questions guided a literature review of the transtheoretical model (TTM) as applied to exercise to address the evidence for stage-matched interventions, the description of priority populations, and the identification of valid TTM measurement tools. One-hundred-and-fifty studies were reviewed....

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Health promotion practice 2006-10, Vol.7 (4), p.428-443
Main Authors: Spencer, Leslie, Adams, Troy B., Malone, Sarah, Roy, Lindsey, Yost, Elizabeth
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Exercise
Exercise - psychology
Fitness
Health Behavior
Health Promotion
Humans
Models, Psychological
Motivation
Stages of change
Transtheoretical model
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Summary:Three questions guided a literature review of the transtheoretical model (TTM) as applied to exercise to address the evidence for stage-matched interventions, the description of priority populations, and the identification of valid TTM measurement tools. One-hundred-and-fifty studies were reviewed. Results indicate preliminary support for the use of stage-matched exercise interventions. Most studies have focused on White, middle-class, female populations, limiting thegeneralizability of their findings. Valid and reliable measures exist for stage of change, decisional balance, processes of change, self-efficacy, and temptations to not exercise; however, more research is needed to refine these measures. Evidence for the construct validity of the TTM as applied to exercise is mixed. When designing and implementing TTM-based exercise interventions, practitioners and policy makers are encouraged to clearly define the term exercise, choose a valid and reliable staging tool, and employ all TTM constructs and not just stage membership.
ISSN:1524-8399
1552-6372
DOI:10.1177/1524839905278900