Experimental infective endocarditis induced by human supragingival dental plaque in rats

Human dental plaque is thought to contribute to disease, not only in the oral cavity but also at other body sites. To investigate the pathogenicity of dental plaque in tissues remote from the mouth, we examined the ability of human supragingival dental plaque to induce infective endocarditis (IE) in...

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Published in:European journal of oral sciences 2005-12, Vol.113 (6), p.499-504
Main Authors: Nagata, Emi, Okayama, Hidehito, Ito, Hiro-O, Semba, Ichiro, Inoue, Masakazu, Oho, Takahiko
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Animals
Aortic Valve - microbiology
Aortic Valve - pathology
Bacteremia - complications
Bacteremia - microbiology
Biofilms
dental plaque
Dental Plaque - complications
Dental Plaque - microbiology
Dentistry
Disease Models, Animal
endocarditis
Endocarditis - microbiology
Endocarditis - pathology
Female
Humans
Male
Rats
Rats, Wistar
Sinus of Valsalva - microbiology
Sinus of Valsalva - pathology
Streptococcus oralis
Streptococcus oralis - isolation & purification
Streptococcus oralis - pathogenicity
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Summary:Human dental plaque is thought to contribute to disease, not only in the oral cavity but also at other body sites. To investigate the pathogenicity of dental plaque in tissues remote from the mouth, we examined the ability of human supragingival dental plaque to induce infective endocarditis (IE) in rats. In total, 15 out of 27 catheterized rats survived after intravenous injections with human supragingival dental plaque suspensions containing 3 × 106 colony‐forming units (CFU) of bacterial cells. In surviving rats, infected vegetations were formed in all except one rat. The microbial composition of the infected vegetations was different from that of the respective dental plaque inocula, with Streptococcus oralis comprising the majority of the isolates. In rats affected with endocarditis, the aortic sinus was filled with fibrinous vegetation containing bacteria. Inflammatory cells infiltrated the aortic valve, the aorta adjacent to the valve, and the cardiac muscles. The inoculation of catheterized rats with a cell suspension of S. oralis isolate (5 × 106 CFU) was not lethal but capable of inducing endocarditis in all animals. The results suggest that if dental plaque were introduced into the bloodstream, it could serve as a potent source of bacteria causing IE in humans.
ISSN:0909-8836
1600-0722
DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0722.2005.00258.x