Simplified Extraction of Ginsenosides from American Ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) for High-Performance Liquid Chromatography−Ultraviolet Analysis

Four methods were tested for extraction and recovery of six major ginsenosides (Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, Re, and Rg1) found in roots of American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius):  method A, sonication in 100% methanol (MeOH) at room temperature (rt); method B, sonication in 70% aqueous MeOH at rt; method C, w...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 2005-12, Vol.53 (26), p.9867-9873
Main Authors: Corbit, Rebecca M, Ferreira, Jorge F. S, Ebbs, Stephen D, Murphy, Laura L
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biological and medical sciences
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
detection
extraction
Food engineering
Food industries
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
General aspects
General pharmacology
ginsenosides
Ginsenosides - isolation & purification
high performance liquid chromatography
hot water treatment
Medical sciences
medicinal plants
Methanol
Panax - chemistry
Panax quinquefolius
Pharmacognosy. Homeopathy. Health food
Pharmacology. Drug treatments
Plant Extracts - analysis
Plant Roots - chemistry
Reference Standards
roots
saponins
Solvents
Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
ultrasonic treatment
ultraviolet radiation
Water
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Summary:Four methods were tested for extraction and recovery of six major ginsenosides (Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, Re, and Rg1) found in roots of American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius):  method A, sonication in 100% methanol (MeOH) at room temperature (rt); method B, sonication in 70% aqueous MeOH at rt; method C, water extraction (90 °C) with gentle agitation; and method D, refluxing (60 °C) in 100% MeOH. After 0.5−1 h, the samples were filtered and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)−UV. A second extraction by methods C and D was done, but 85−90% of ginsenosides were obtained during the first extraction. Lyophilization of extracts did not influence ginsenoside recovery. Method D resulted in the highest significant recoveries of all ginsenosides, except Rg1. Method C was the next most effective method, while method A resulted in the lowest ginsenoside recoveries. Method B led to similar recoveries as method C. All methods used one filtration step, omitted time-consuming cleanup, but maintained clear peak resolution by HPLC, and can be used for quantitative screening of ginsenosides from roots and commercial ginseng preparations. Keywords: American ginseng; Panax quinquefolius; HPLC−UV; liquid chromatography; ginsenoside extraction
ISSN:0021-8561
1520-5118
DOI:10.1021/jf051504p