The Leishmania donovani complex: Genotypes of five metabolic enzymes (ICD, ME, MPI, G6PDH, and FH), new targets for multilocus sequence typing

Flagellates of the Leishmania donovani complex are causative agents of human cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis. The complex is comprised of L. donovani, Leishmania infantum and Leishmania archibaldi, although the latter is not now considered to be a valid species. Morphological distinction of Lei...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal for parasitology 2007-02, Vol.37 (2), p.149-160
Main Authors: Zemanová, Eva, Jirků, Milan, Mauricio, Isabel L., Horák, Aleš, Miles, Michael A., Lukeš, Julius
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Biological and medical sciences
DNA, Protozoan - analysis
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Genetic Markers
Genotype
Humans
Leishmania
Leishmania - classification
Leishmania - enzymology
Leishmania - genetics
Leishmania donovani
Leishmania donovani complex
Leishmania infantum
Life cycle. Host-agent relationship. Pathogenesis
Molecular Sequence Data
Multilocus sequence typing
Phylogenetic network
Phylogeny
Protozoa
Sequence Analysis, DNA
Zymodeme
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Summary:Flagellates of the Leishmania donovani complex are causative agents of human cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis. The complex is comprised of L. donovani, Leishmania infantum and Leishmania archibaldi, although the latter is not now considered to be a valid species. Morphological distinction of Leishmania species is impractical, so biochemical, immunological and DNA-based criteria were introduced. Multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MLEE) is the present gold standard. We have sequenced the genes encoding five metabolic enzymes used for MLEE, both to resolve the DNA diversity underlying isoenzyme mobility differences and to explore the potential of these targets for higher resolution PCR-based multilocus sequence typing. The genes sequenced were isocitrate dehydrogenase, malic enzyme, mannose phosphate isomerase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and fumarate hydratase, for 17 strains of L. infantum, seven strains of L. donovani, and three strains of L. archibaldi. Protein mobilities predicted from amino acid sequences did not always accord precisely with reported MLEE profiles. A high number of heterozygous sites was detected. Heterozygosity was particularly frequent in some strains and indirectly supported the presence of genetic exchange in Leishmania. Phylogenetic analysis of a concatenated alignment based on a total of 263kb protein-coding sequences showed strong correlation of genotype with geographical origin. Europe and Africa appear to represent independent evolutionary centres.
ISSN:0020-7519
1879-0135
DOI:10.1016/j.ijpara.2006.08.008