Cells from bone marrow that evolve into oral tissues and their clinical applications

• Published in: Oral diseases 2007-01, Vol.13 (1), p.11-16
• Main Authors: Maria, OM, Khosravi, R, Mezey, E, Tran, SD
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult Stem Cells - physiology; bone marrow; Bone Marrow Cells - physiology; Cell Differentiation - physiology; Cell Lineage - physiology; cell plasticity; cell-based therapies; Dentistry; Guided Tissue Regeneration; Hematopoietic Stem Cells - physiology; Humans; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells - physiology; Mouth - growth & development; oral tissues; stem cells; tissue engineering
• ISSN: 1354-523X; 1601-0825
• DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2006.01324.x

There are two major well‐characterized populations of post‐natal (adult) stem cells in bone marrow: hematopoietic stem cells which give rise to blood cells of all lineages, and mesenchymal stem cells which give rise to osteoblasts, adipocytes, and fibroblasts. For the past 50 years, strict rules were taught governing developmental biology. However, recently, numerous studies have emerged from researchers in different fields suggesting the unthinkable – that stem cells isolated from a variety of organs are capable of ignoring their cell lineage boundaries and exhibiting more plasticity in their fates. Plasticity is defined as the ability of post‐natal (tissue‐specific adult) stem cells to differentiate into mature and functional cells of the same or of a different germ layer of origin. There are reports that bone marrow stem cells can evolve into cells of all dermal lineages, such as hepatocytes, skeletal myocytes, cardiomyocytes, neural, endothelial, epithelial, and even endocrine cells. These findings promise significant therapeutic implications for regenerative medicine. This article will review recent reports of bone marrow cells that have the ability to evolve or differentiate into oral and craniofacial tissues, such as the periodontal ligament, alveolar bone, condyle, tooth, bone around dental and facial implants, and oral mucosa.