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Income breeding allows an aquatic snake Seminatrix pygaea to reproduce normally following prolonged drought-induced aestivation
1. Capital breeding is an ideal reproductive strategy for many ectotherms because it provides a disassociation between feeding and reproduction, a necessary requirement for animals that become anorexic during pregnancy. Among ectotherms, some viviparous snakes (e.g. Viperidae) exemplify the capital...
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Published in: | The Journal of animal ecology 2006-11, Vol.75 (6), p.1352-1360 |
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description | 1. Capital breeding is an ideal reproductive strategy for many ectotherms because it provides a disassociation between feeding and reproduction, a necessary requirement for animals that become anorexic during pregnancy. Among ectotherms, some viviparous snakes (e.g. Viperidae) exemplify the capital breeding strategy because many species (i) do not feed during pregnancy due to behavioural conflicts between reproduction and foraging, and (ii) take more than one season to accumulate sufficient energetic stores for reproduction. 2. Isolated wetlands often exhibit extreme annual fluctuations in environmental conditions with prolonged droughts periodically leaving wetlands completely dry and devoid of prey. Following droughts, however, wetlands can be extremely productive, rendering prey resources virtually unlimited for some species. 3. This study examines drought survival strategy and reproductive ecology of a small aquatic snake Seminatrix pygaea (Cope) in an isolated wetland. Seminatrix pygaea are atypical from most sympatric snake species in that (i) their small body size, reliance on aquatic prey, and high rates of evaporative water loss make them ill-suited to overland movement, and (ii) they may not be subject to costs typically associated with feeding during pregnancy. 4. We hypothesized that S. pygaea would survive periodic multiyear droughts by aestivating within the dried wetland, a survival strategy heretofore undocumented in snakes. Further, we hypothesized that if S. pygaea rely on 'typical' snake reproductive strategies of 'adaptive anorexia' and capital breeding, reproductive output would be reduced in the first wet year following drought. 5. By encircling a 10-ha wetland with a continuous drift fence before it refilled we were able to demonstrate that S. pygaea were present within the dried wetland prior to the onset of spring rains that refilled the wetland in 2003. Our results suggest that S. pygaea are capable of surviving multiyear droughts by aestivating within the dried wetland. 6. Despite having presumably depleted energy reserves during the drought, S. pygaea reproduced with the same frequency and fecundity during the first season following refilling of the wetland as in pre-drought years. 7. The ability of S. pygaea to rebound rapidly from the stresses of prolonged drought is due in part to their reproductive ecology. Seminatrix pygaea readily feed throughout pregnancy and consequently can rapidly translate high prey abundances into re |
doi_str_mv | 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2006.01159.x |
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WHITFIELD</creator><creatorcontrib>WINNE, CHRISTOPHER T ; WILLSON, JOHN D ; GIBBONS, J. WHITFIELD</creatorcontrib><description>1. Capital breeding is an ideal reproductive strategy for many ectotherms because it provides a disassociation between feeding and reproduction, a necessary requirement for animals that become anorexic during pregnancy. Among ectotherms, some viviparous snakes (e.g. Viperidae) exemplify the capital breeding strategy because many species (i) do not feed during pregnancy due to behavioural conflicts between reproduction and foraging, and (ii) take more than one season to accumulate sufficient energetic stores for reproduction. 2. Isolated wetlands often exhibit extreme annual fluctuations in environmental conditions with prolonged droughts periodically leaving wetlands completely dry and devoid of prey. Following droughts, however, wetlands can be extremely productive, rendering prey resources virtually unlimited for some species. 3. This study examines drought survival strategy and reproductive ecology of a small aquatic snake Seminatrix pygaea (Cope) in an isolated wetland. Seminatrix pygaea are atypical from most sympatric snake species in that (i) their small body size, reliance on aquatic prey, and high rates of evaporative water loss make them ill-suited to overland movement, and (ii) they may not be subject to costs typically associated with feeding during pregnancy. 4. We hypothesized that S. pygaea would survive periodic multiyear droughts by aestivating within the dried wetland, a survival strategy heretofore undocumented in snakes. Further, we hypothesized that if S. pygaea rely on 'typical' snake reproductive strategies of 'adaptive anorexia' and capital breeding, reproductive output would be reduced in the first wet year following drought. 5. By encircling a 10-ha wetland with a continuous drift fence before it refilled we were able to demonstrate that S. pygaea were present within the dried wetland prior to the onset of spring rains that refilled the wetland in 2003. Our results suggest that S. pygaea are capable of surviving multiyear droughts by aestivating within the dried wetland. 6. Despite having presumably depleted energy reserves during the drought, S. pygaea reproduced with the same frequency and fecundity during the first season following refilling of the wetland as in pre-drought years. 7. The ability of S. pygaea to rebound rapidly from the stresses of prolonged drought is due in part to their reproductive ecology. Seminatrix pygaea readily feed throughout pregnancy and consequently can rapidly translate high prey abundances into reproductive output through income breeding.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0021-8790</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1365-2656</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2006.01159.x</identifier><identifier>PMID: 17032367</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JAECAP</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford, UK: Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Aestivation ; Amphibia. Reptilia ; Animal and plant ecology ; Animal ecology ; Animal reproduction ; Animal, plant and microbial ecology ; Animals ; Biological and medical sciences ; Body Weight ; Breeding ; Breeding of animals ; climatic variation ; Disasters ; Drought ; Ecosystem ; Estivation - physiology ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Food supply ; foraging ecology ; Fresh Water ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; General aspects ; Habitats ; migration ; Predation ; Pregnancy ; Reproduction ; Reproduction - physiology ; reproductive allocation ; reptile ; Reptiles & amphibians ; Seminatrix pygaea ; Snakes ; Snakes - physiology ; Time Factors ; Vertebrates: general zoology, morphology, phylogeny, systematics, cytogenetics, geographical distribution ; Viperidae ; Wetland ecology ; Wetlands</subject><ispartof>The Journal of animal ecology, 2006-11, Vol.75 (6), p.1352-1360</ispartof><rights>Copyright 2006 British Ecological Society</rights><rights>2006 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>2006 British Ecological Society No claim to original US government works</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5279-6c934be21e611e9a24c6e3446449404b56e35166a1f8e92bb049826d9140f2ab3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5279-6c934be21e611e9a24c6e3446449404b56e35166a1f8e92bb049826d9140f2ab3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/4125076$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/4125076$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925,58238,58471</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=18173577$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17032367$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>WINNE, CHRISTOPHER T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>WILLSON, JOHN D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>GIBBONS, J. WHITFIELD</creatorcontrib><title>Income breeding allows an aquatic snake Seminatrix pygaea to reproduce normally following prolonged drought-induced aestivation</title><title>The Journal of animal ecology</title><addtitle>J Anim Ecol</addtitle><description>1. Capital breeding is an ideal reproductive strategy for many ectotherms because it provides a disassociation between feeding and reproduction, a necessary requirement for animals that become anorexic during pregnancy. Among ectotherms, some viviparous snakes (e.g. Viperidae) exemplify the capital breeding strategy because many species (i) do not feed during pregnancy due to behavioural conflicts between reproduction and foraging, and (ii) take more than one season to accumulate sufficient energetic stores for reproduction. 2. Isolated wetlands often exhibit extreme annual fluctuations in environmental conditions with prolonged droughts periodically leaving wetlands completely dry and devoid of prey. Following droughts, however, wetlands can be extremely productive, rendering prey resources virtually unlimited for some species. 3. This study examines drought survival strategy and reproductive ecology of a small aquatic snake Seminatrix pygaea (Cope) in an isolated wetland. Seminatrix pygaea are atypical from most sympatric snake species in that (i) their small body size, reliance on aquatic prey, and high rates of evaporative water loss make them ill-suited to overland movement, and (ii) they may not be subject to costs typically associated with feeding during pregnancy. 4. We hypothesized that S. pygaea would survive periodic multiyear droughts by aestivating within the dried wetland, a survival strategy heretofore undocumented in snakes. Further, we hypothesized that if S. pygaea rely on 'typical' snake reproductive strategies of 'adaptive anorexia' and capital breeding, reproductive output would be reduced in the first wet year following drought. 5. By encircling a 10-ha wetland with a continuous drift fence before it refilled we were able to demonstrate that S. pygaea were present within the dried wetland prior to the onset of spring rains that refilled the wetland in 2003. Our results suggest that S. pygaea are capable of surviving multiyear droughts by aestivating within the dried wetland. 6. Despite having presumably depleted energy reserves during the drought, S. pygaea reproduced with the same frequency and fecundity during the first season following refilling of the wetland as in pre-drought years. 7. The ability of S. pygaea to rebound rapidly from the stresses of prolonged drought is due in part to their reproductive ecology. Seminatrix pygaea readily feed throughout pregnancy and consequently can rapidly translate high prey abundances into reproductive output through income breeding.</description><subject>Aestivation</subject><subject>Amphibia. Reptilia</subject><subject>Animal and plant ecology</subject><subject>Animal ecology</subject><subject>Animal reproduction</subject><subject>Animal, plant and microbial ecology</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Body Weight</subject><subject>Breeding</subject><subject>Breeding of animals</subject><subject>climatic variation</subject><subject>Disasters</subject><subject>Drought</subject><subject>Ecosystem</subject><subject>Estivation - physiology</subject><subject>Feeding Behavior</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Food supply</subject><subject>foraging ecology</subject><subject>Fresh Water</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>General aspects</subject><subject>Habitats</subject><subject>migration</subject><subject>Predation</subject><subject>Pregnancy</subject><subject>Reproduction</subject><subject>Reproduction - physiology</subject><subject>reproductive allocation</subject><subject>reptile</subject><subject>Reptiles & amphibians</subject><subject>Seminatrix pygaea</subject><subject>Snakes</subject><subject>Snakes - physiology</subject><subject>Time Factors</subject><subject>Vertebrates: general zoology, morphology, phylogeny, systematics, cytogenetics, geographical distribution</subject><subject>Viperidae</subject><subject>Wetland ecology</subject><subject>Wetlands</subject><issn>0021-8790</issn><issn>1365-2656</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2006</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqNkcFu1DAURSMEotPCHyCwkGCXwc92nHiDVFUFiipYlK4tJ3kJGRJ7aid0ZtVfx2lGrcQGskmse97xi26SEKBriM-HzRq4zFImM7lmlMo1BcjUevckWT0ET5MVpQzSIlf0KDkOYUMpzRnlz5MjyClnXOar5O7CVm5AUnrEurMtMX3vbgMxlpibyYxdRYI1v5Bc4dBZM_puR7b71qAhoyMet97VU4XEOj_E0T1p3CyYTTHqnW2xJrV3U_tzTDs7szUxGMbud5Q7-yJ51pg-4MvD-yS5_nT-4-xLevn988XZ6WVaZSxXqawUFyUyQAmAyjBRSeRCSCGUoKLM4ikDKQ00BSpWllSogslagaANMyU_Sd4v3rjVzRTv10MXKux7Y9FNQctCiSKD4p8gqEwU4h58-xe4cZO38Sc0i7cKynOIULFAlXcheGz01neD8XsNVM9V6o2eG9NzY3quUt9XqXdx9PXBP5UD1o-Dh-4i8O4AmFCZvvHGVl145ArIeZbP3MeFu-163P_3Avrr6bfz-TMKXi2CTRidfxAIYBnNZYzfLHFjnDatjztcXzEKPIpiroD_AcdkzUY</recordid><startdate>200611</startdate><enddate>200611</enddate><creator>WINNE, CHRISTOPHER T</creator><creator>WILLSON, JOHN D</creator><creator>GIBBONS, J. WHITFIELD</creator><general>Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><general>British Ecological Society</general><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><general>Blackwell</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>200611</creationdate><title>Income breeding allows an aquatic snake Seminatrix pygaea to reproduce normally following prolonged drought-induced aestivation</title><author>WINNE, CHRISTOPHER T ; WILLSON, JOHN D ; GIBBONS, J. WHITFIELD</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c5279-6c934be21e611e9a24c6e3446449404b56e35166a1f8e92bb049826d9140f2ab3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2006</creationdate><topic>Aestivation</topic><topic>Amphibia. Reptilia</topic><topic>Animal and plant ecology</topic><topic>Animal ecology</topic><topic>Animal reproduction</topic><topic>Animal, plant and microbial ecology</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Body Weight</topic><topic>Breeding</topic><topic>Breeding of animals</topic><topic>climatic variation</topic><topic>Disasters</topic><topic>Drought</topic><topic>Ecosystem</topic><topic>Estivation - physiology</topic><topic>Feeding Behavior</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Food supply</topic><topic>foraging ecology</topic><topic>Fresh Water</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>General aspects</topic><topic>Habitats</topic><topic>migration</topic><topic>Predation</topic><topic>Pregnancy</topic><topic>Reproduction</topic><topic>Reproduction - physiology</topic><topic>reproductive allocation</topic><topic>reptile</topic><topic>Reptiles & amphibians</topic><topic>Seminatrix pygaea</topic><topic>Snakes</topic><topic>Snakes - physiology</topic><topic>Time Factors</topic><topic>Vertebrates: general zoology, morphology, phylogeny, systematics, cytogenetics, geographical distribution</topic><topic>Viperidae</topic><topic>Wetland ecology</topic><topic>Wetlands</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>WINNE, CHRISTOPHER T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>WILLSON, JOHN D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>GIBBONS, J. WHITFIELD</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>The Journal of animal ecology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>WINNE, CHRISTOPHER T</au><au>WILLSON, JOHN D</au><au>GIBBONS, J. WHITFIELD</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Income breeding allows an aquatic snake Seminatrix pygaea to reproduce normally following prolonged drought-induced aestivation</atitle><jtitle>The Journal of animal ecology</jtitle><addtitle>J Anim Ecol</addtitle><date>2006-11</date><risdate>2006</risdate><volume>75</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>1352</spage><epage>1360</epage><pages>1352-1360</pages><issn>0021-8790</issn><eissn>1365-2656</eissn><coden>JAECAP</coden><abstract>1. Capital breeding is an ideal reproductive strategy for many ectotherms because it provides a disassociation between feeding and reproduction, a necessary requirement for animals that become anorexic during pregnancy. Among ectotherms, some viviparous snakes (e.g. Viperidae) exemplify the capital breeding strategy because many species (i) do not feed during pregnancy due to behavioural conflicts between reproduction and foraging, and (ii) take more than one season to accumulate sufficient energetic stores for reproduction. 2. Isolated wetlands often exhibit extreme annual fluctuations in environmental conditions with prolonged droughts periodically leaving wetlands completely dry and devoid of prey. Following droughts, however, wetlands can be extremely productive, rendering prey resources virtually unlimited for some species. 3. This study examines drought survival strategy and reproductive ecology of a small aquatic snake Seminatrix pygaea (Cope) in an isolated wetland. Seminatrix pygaea are atypical from most sympatric snake species in that (i) their small body size, reliance on aquatic prey, and high rates of evaporative water loss make them ill-suited to overland movement, and (ii) they may not be subject to costs typically associated with feeding during pregnancy. 4. We hypothesized that S. pygaea would survive periodic multiyear droughts by aestivating within the dried wetland, a survival strategy heretofore undocumented in snakes. Further, we hypothesized that if S. pygaea rely on 'typical' snake reproductive strategies of 'adaptive anorexia' and capital breeding, reproductive output would be reduced in the first wet year following drought. 5. By encircling a 10-ha wetland with a continuous drift fence before it refilled we were able to demonstrate that S. pygaea were present within the dried wetland prior to the onset of spring rains that refilled the wetland in 2003. Our results suggest that S. pygaea are capable of surviving multiyear droughts by aestivating within the dried wetland. 6. Despite having presumably depleted energy reserves during the drought, S. pygaea reproduced with the same frequency and fecundity during the first season following refilling of the wetland as in pre-drought years. 7. The ability of S. pygaea to rebound rapidly from the stresses of prolonged drought is due in part to their reproductive ecology. Seminatrix pygaea readily feed throughout pregnancy and consequently can rapidly translate high prey abundances into reproductive output through income breeding.</abstract><cop>Oxford, UK</cop><pub>Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><pmid>17032367</pmid><doi>10.1111/j.1365-2656.2006.01159.x</doi><tpages>9</tpages></addata></record> |
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subjects | Aestivation Amphibia. Reptilia Animal and plant ecology Animal ecology Animal reproduction Animal, plant and microbial ecology Animals Biological and medical sciences Body Weight Breeding Breeding of animals climatic variation Disasters Drought Ecosystem Estivation - physiology Feeding Behavior Female Food supply foraging ecology Fresh Water Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology General aspects Habitats migration Predation Pregnancy Reproduction Reproduction - physiology reproductive allocation reptile Reptiles & amphibians Seminatrix pygaea Snakes Snakes - physiology Time Factors Vertebrates: general zoology, morphology, phylogeny, systematics, cytogenetics, geographical distribution Viperidae Wetland ecology Wetlands |
title | Income breeding allows an aquatic snake Seminatrix pygaea to reproduce normally following prolonged drought-induced aestivation |
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