The eye in hypertension

Summary Hypertension has a range of effects on the eye. Hypertensive retinopathy refers to retinal microvascular signs that develop in response to raised blood pressure. Signs of hypertensive retinopathy are frequently seen in adults 40 years and older, and are predictive of incident stroke, congest...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The Lancet (British edition) 2007-02, Vol.369 (9559), p.425-435
Main Authors: Wong, Tien, Dr, Mitchell, Paul, FRANZCO
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Arterial hypertension. Arterial hypotension
Biological and medical sciences
Blood and lymphatic vessels
Blood pressure
Cardiology. Vascular system
Cardiovascular disease
Diabetic Neuropathies - etiology
Diabetic Neuropathies - physiopathology
Diabetic retinopathy
Eye
Eye diseases
General aspects
Glaucoma - etiology
Glaucoma - physiopathology
Heart failure
Humans
Hypertension
Hypertension - complications
Internal Medicine
Macular degeneration
Macular Degeneration - etiology
Macular Degeneration - physiopathology
Medical sciences
Minority & ethnic groups
Ophthalmology
Optic nerve
Patients
Retinal Diseases - classification
Retinal Diseases - etiology
Retinal Diseases - physiopathology
Retinopathies
Risk Factors
Vascular diseases
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Summary:Summary Hypertension has a range of effects on the eye. Hypertensive retinopathy refers to retinal microvascular signs that develop in response to raised blood pressure. Signs of hypertensive retinopathy are frequently seen in adults 40 years and older, and are predictive of incident stroke, congestive heart failure, and cardiovascular mortality—independently of traditional risk factors. Hypertension is also a major risk factor for the development of other retinal vascular diseases, such as retinal vein and artery occlusion, and ischaemic optic neuropathy. High blood pressure increases the risk of both development of diabetic retinopathy and its progression. Adequate control of blood pressure has been proven in randomised clinical trials to reduce vision loss associated with diabetic retinopathy. Finally, hypertension has been implicated in the pathogenesis of glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration. Recognition of the ocular effects of blood pressure could allow physicians to better manage patients with hypertension, and to monitor its end-organ effects.
ISSN:0140-6736
1474-547X
DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60198-6