Interrelationship and Familiality of Dyslexia Related Quantitative Measures

Summary Dyslexia is a complex gene‐environment disorder with poorly understood etiology that affects about 5% of school‐age children. Dyslexia occurs in all languages and is associated with a high level of social and psychological morbidity for the individual and their family; approximately 40‐50% h...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Annals of human genetics 2007-03, Vol.71 (2), p.160-175
Main Authors: Schulte‐Körne, G., Ziegler, A., Deimel, W., Schumacher, J., Plume, E., Bachmann, C., Kleensang, A., Propping, P., Nöthen, M. M., Warnke, A., Remschmidt, H., König, I. R.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adolescent
Adult
Child
chromosome 18
Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18 - genetics
dyslexia
Dyslexia - etiology
Dyslexia - genetics
Dyslexia - psychology
familiality
Female
Genetic Linkage
genetics
Genotype
Germany
heritability
Humans
linkage
Male
Mathematics
Memory, Short-Term
Phenotype
Principal Component Analysis
Psychometrics
Reading
Risk Factors
Social Class
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Summary:Summary Dyslexia is a complex gene‐environment disorder with poorly understood etiology that affects about 5% of school‐age children. Dyslexia occurs in all languages and is associated with a high level of social and psychological morbidity for the individual and their family; approximately 40‐50% have persistent disability into adulthood. The core symptoms are word reading and spelling deficits, but several other cognitive components influence the core phenotype. A broad spectrum of dyslexia related phenotypes, including phonological decoding, phoneme awareness, orthographic processing, short‐term memory, rapid naming and basic mathematical abilities, were investigated in large sample of 287 German dyslexia families. We explored the interrelationship between the component phenotypes using correlation and principal component analyses (PCA). In addition, we estimated familiality for phenotypes as well as for the factors suggested by PCA. The correlation between the component phenotypes varied between −0.1 and 0.7. The PCA resulted in three factors: a general dyslexia factor, a speed of processing factor and a mathematical abilities factor. The familiality estimates of single components and factors ranged between 0.25 and 0.63. Instead of analyzing single dyslexia‐related components, multivariate analyses including factor analytic approaches may help in the identification of susceptibility genes.
ISSN:0003-4800
1469-1809
DOI:10.1111/j.1469-1809.2006.00312.x