Disseminated Mycobacteriosis in a Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus)

A mature bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) was diagnosed with mycobacterial infection after being presented for an inability to fly, emaciation, and a swelling of the left tibiotarsal-tarso metatarsal joint. Results of a complete blood cell count revealed a persistent, marked leukocytosis, with...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of avian medicine and surgery 2007-09, Vol.21 (3), p.201-209
Main Authors: Heatley, J. Jill, Mitchell, Mark M, Roy, Alma, Cho, Doo Youn, Williams, Diana L, Tully, Thomas N
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
avian
Bald eagle
Biopsies
Birds of prey
CLINICAL REPORTS
Development and progression
Diagnosis, Differential
Diseases
DNA, Bacterial - analysis
Eagles
Fungal diseases
Fungal infections
Haliaeetus leucocephalus
Infections
Lungs
Mycobacterial infections
Mycobacteriosis
Mycobacterium avium
Mycobacterium avium - genetics
Mycobacterium avium - isolation & purification
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Polymerase Chain Reaction - veterinary
raptor
Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis, Avian - diagnosis
Tuberculosis, Avian - microbiology
Tuberculosis, Avian - pathology
Zoonoses
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Summary:A mature bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) was diagnosed with mycobacterial infection after being presented for an inability to fly, emaciation, and a swelling of the left tibiotarsal-tarso metatarsal joint. Results of a complete blood cell count revealed a persistent, marked leukocytosis, with heterophilia, monocytosis, and anemia. Radiographs revealed lysis of the left distal tibiotarsus and soft-tissue swelling around the left tibiotarsal-tarsometatarsal joint, multiple pulmonary opacities, and an enlarged liver. Endoscopic evaluation and biopsy of caseated material within the left caudal coelom revealed acid-fast organisms. The eagle was euthanatized, and results of necropsy and histologic evaluation revealed caseated granulomas of the intestine, lungs, air sacs, and subcutaneous regions of the hock. Results of culture, a polymerase chain reaction testing, and direct deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequencing for mycobacterial 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid DNA determined this organism most likely to be Mycobacterium avium.
ISSN:1082-6742
1938-2871
DOI:10.1647/1082-6742(2007)21[201:DMIABE]2.0.CO;2