Health Care—Associated Pneumonia (HCAP): A Critical Appraisal to Improve Identification, Management, and Outcomes—Proceedings of the HCAP Summit

Increasingly, patients are receiving treatment at facilities other than hospitals, including long-term—health care facilities, assisted-living environments, rehabilitation facilities, and dialysis centers. As with hospital environments, nonhospital settings present their own unique risks of pneumoni...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Clinical infectious diseases 2008-04, Vol.46 (Supplement-4), p.S296-S334
Main Authors: Kollef, Marin H., Morrow, Lee E., Baughman, Robert P., Craven, Donald E., McGowan, John E., Micek, Scott T., Niederman, Michael S., Ost, David, Paterson, David L., Segreti, John
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antibiotics
Communicable Disease Control
Cross Infection - prevention & control
Delivery of Health Care
Health outcomes
Health Personnel
Hospital admissions
Humans
Infections
Medical treatment failures
Mortality
Nursing homes
Pathogens
Pneumonia
Pneumonia - classification
Pneumonia - epidemiology
Pneumonia - etiology
Pneumonia - prevention & control
Treatment Outcome
Ventilator associated pneumonia
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Summary:Increasingly, patients are receiving treatment at facilities other than hospitals, including long-term—health care facilities, assisted-living environments, rehabilitation facilities, and dialysis centers. As with hospital environments, nonhospital settings present their own unique risks of pneumonia. Traditionally, pneumonia in these facilities has been categorized as community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). However, the new designation for pneumonias acquired in these settings is health care—associated pneumonia (HCAP), which covers pneumonias acquired in health care environments outside of the traditional hospital setting and excludes hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP), ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), and CAP. Although HCAP is currently treated with the same protocols as CAP, recent evidence indicates that HCAP differs from CAP with respect to pathogens and prognosis and, in fact, more closely resembles HAP and VAP. The HCAP Summit convened national infectious disease opinion leaders for the purpose of analyzing current literature, clinical trial data, diagnostic considerations, therapeutic options, and treatment guidelines related to HCAP. After an in-depth analysis of these areas, the infectious disease investigators participating in the summit were surveyed with regard to 10 clinical practice statements. The results were then compared with results of the same survey as completed by 744 Infectious Diseases Society of America members. The similarities and differences between those survey results are the basis of this publication.
ISSN:1058-4838
1537-6591
DOI:10.1086/526355