Vaccinia Virus Uses Macropinocytosis and Apoptotic Mimicry to Enter Host Cells

Viruses employ many different strategies to enter host cells. Vaccinia virus, a prototype poxvirus, enters cells in a pH-dependent fashion. Live cell imaging showed that fluorescent virus particles associated with and moved along filopodia to the cell body, where they were internalized after inducin...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science) 2008-04, Vol.320 (5875), p.531-535
Main Authors: Mercer, Jason, Helenius, Ari
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Actins
Actins - metabolism
Animal mimicry
Animals
Apoptosis
Biochemistry
Biological and medical sciences
Cell Membrane - metabolism
Cell Membrane - ultrastructure
Cell membranes
Cells
Enzymes
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Humans
Infections
Microbiology
p21-Activated Kinases - genetics
p21-Activated Kinases - metabolism
Phosphatidylserines - metabolism
Pinocytosis
Poxvirus
rac1 GTP-Binding Protein - metabolism
Replicative cycle, interference, host-virus relations, pathogenicity, miscellaneous strains
RNA Interference
Small interfering RNA
Vaccinia
Vaccinia virus
Vaccinia virus - physiology
Virions
Virology
Virus Internalization
Viruses
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Summary:Viruses employ many different strategies to enter host cells. Vaccinia virus, a prototype poxvirus, enters cells in a pH-dependent fashion. Live cell imaging showed that fluorescent virus particles associated with and moved along filopodia to the cell body, where they were internalized after inducing the extrusion of large transient membrane blebs. p21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1) was activated by the virus, and the endocytic process had the general characteristics of macropinocytosis. The induction of blebs, the endocytic event, and infection were all critically dependent on the presence of exposed phosphatidylserine in the viral membrane, which suggests that vaccinia virus uses apoptotic mimicry to enter cells.
ISSN:0036-8075
1095-9203
DOI:10.1126/science.1155164