Endothelial dysfunction in type 1 diabetes

Vascular complications are the main cause of mortality and morbidity in diabetes. Mechanisms involved in the development of micro and macrovascular disease are complex and partially understood, but invariably begin as a dysfunctional endothelium. Nitric oxide is an important regulator of endothelial...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Arquivos brasileiros de endocrinologia e metabologia 2008-03, Vol.52 (2), p.416-426
Main Authors: Bertoluci, Marcello Casaccia, Cé, Gislaine Vissoky, da Silva, Antônio Marcos V, Puñales, Marcia K C
Format: Article
Language:Portuguese
Subjects:
Adolescent
Adult
Aged
Albuminuria - metabolism
Albuminuria - physiopathology
Atherosclerosis - etiology
Atherosclerosis - physiopathology
Biomarkers
Blood Glucose - metabolism
Child
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - complications
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - physiopathology
Diabetic Angiopathies - complications
Diabetic Angiopathies - physiopathology
Endothelium, Vascular - pathology
Endothelium, Vascular - physiopathology
Glycation End Products, Advanced - metabolism
Humans
Hyperglycemia - complications
Hyperglycemia - physiopathology
Middle Aged
Nitric Oxide - biosynthesis
Oxidative Stress - physiology
Time Factors
Young Adult
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Summary:Vascular complications are the main cause of mortality and morbidity in diabetes. Mechanisms involved in the development of micro and macrovascular disease are complex and partially understood, but invariably begin as a dysfunctional endothelium. Nitric oxide is an important regulator of endothelial function and the impairment of its activity is determinant of the endothelial dysfunction. In type 1 diabetes, many factors like acute, chronic and post-prandial hyperglycemia, as well as the duration of diabetes or autonomic neuropathy and microalbuminuria are associated to endothelial dysfunction. Oxidative stress, polyol pathway activation, protein kinase C activation and the presence of advanced glycation end-products are potential mechanisms involved in the development of endothelial dysfunction. Early detection of endothelial dysfunction has prognostic value for the development of vascular complications and may be important in strategies for primary prevention of cardiovascular endpoints in type 1 diabetes.
ISSN:1677-9487
DOI:10.1590/S0004-27302008000200030