Multiple layers of molecular controls modulate self-renewal and neuronal lineage specification of embryonic stem cells

Elucidating the molecular changes that arise during neural differentiation and fate specification is crucial for building accurate in vitro models of neurodegenerative diseases using human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Here we review the importance of hESCs and derived progenitors in treating and mo...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Human molecular genetics 2008-04, Vol.17 (R1), p.R67-R75
Main Authors: Yeo, Gene W., Coufal, Nicole, Aigner, Stefan, Winner, Beate, Scolnick, Jonathan A., Marchetto, Maria C.N., Muotri, Alysson R., Carson, Christian, Gage, Fred H.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Cell Differentiation
Cell Proliferation
Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy
Chromatin - genetics
Chromatin - metabolism
Embryonic Stem Cells - physiology
Embryonic Stem Cells - transplantation
Epigenesis, Genetic
Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
Humans
MicroRNAs - genetics
MicroRNAs - metabolism
Models, Biological
Neurodegenerative Diseases - therapy
Neurons - physiology
Neurons - transplantation
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Summary:Elucidating the molecular changes that arise during neural differentiation and fate specification is crucial for building accurate in vitro models of neurodegenerative diseases using human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Here we review the importance of hESCs and derived progenitors in treating and modeling neurological diseases, and summarize the current efforts for the differentiation of hESCs into neural progenitors and defined neurons. We recapitulate the recent findings and discuss open questions on aspects of molecular control of gene expression by chromatin modification and methylation, posttranscriptional regulation by alternative splicing and the action of microRNAs, and protein modification. An integrative view of the different levels will hopefully provide much needed insight into understanding stem cell biology.
ISSN:0964-6906
1460-2083
DOI:10.1093/hmg/ddn065