Characterization of the Key Aroma Compounds in an American Bourbon Whisky by Quantitative Measurements, Aroma Recombination, and Omission Studies

Thirty-one of the 45 odor-active compounds previously identified by us in an American Bourbon whisky were quantified by stable isotope dilution assays. Also for this purpose, new synthetic pathways were developed for the synthesis of the deuterium-labeled whisky lactone as well as for γ-nona- and γ-...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 2008-07, Vol.56 (14), p.5820-5826
Main Authors: Poisson, Luigi, Schieberle, Peter
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
3S
4S)-cis-whiskylactone
Alcoholic Beverages - analysis
aroma recombination
Benzaldehydes - analysis
Biological and medical sciences
Bourbon whisky
Carbon Isotopes
Chromatography, Gas - methods
Deuterium
Ethanol - analysis
ethyl (S)-2-methylbutanoate
Flavors and Aromas/Chemosensory Perception
Food industries
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Humans
Indicator Dilution Techniques
Lactones - analysis
odor activity value
Odorants - analysis
stable isotope dilution analysis
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Summary:Thirty-one of the 45 odor-active compounds previously identified by us in an American Bourbon whisky were quantified by stable isotope dilution assays. Also for this purpose, new synthetic pathways were developed for the synthesis of the deuterium-labeled whisky lactone as well as for γ-nona- and γ-decalactone. To obtain the odor activity values (OAVs), the concentrations measured were divided by the odor thresholds of the odorants determined in water/ethanol (6:4 by vol.). Twenty-six aroma compounds showed OAVs >1, among which ethanol, ethyl (S)-2-methylbutanoate, 3-methylbutanal, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde, (E)-β-damascenone, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl butanoate, ethyl octanoate, 2-methylpropanal, (3S,4S)-cis-whiskylactone, (E,E)-2,4-decadienal, 4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol, ethyl-3-methylbutanoate, and ethyl 2-methylpropanoate showed the highest values. The overall aroma of the Bourbon whisky could be mimicked by an aroma recombinate consisting of the 26 key odorants in their actual concentrations in whisky using water/ethanol (6:4 by vol.) as the matrix. Omission experiments corroborated the importance of, in particular, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde, (3S,4S)-cis-whiskylactone, ethanol, and the entire group of esters for the overall aroma of the Bourbon whisky.
ISSN:0021-8561
1520-5118
DOI:10.1021/jf800383v