Predictive Value of Prehypertension for Metabolic Syndrome, Diabetes, and Coronary Heart Disease Among Turks

• Published in: American journal of hypertension 2008-08, Vol.21 (8), p.890-895
• Main Authors: Onat, Altan, Yazici, Mehmet, Can, Günay, Kaya, Zekeriya, Bulur, Serkan, Hergenç, Gülay
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; Aged; Arterial hypertension. Arterial hypotension; Biological and medical sciences; Blood and lymphatic vessels; Body Mass Index; Cardiology. Vascular system; Coronary Disease - epidemiology; Coronary heart disease; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - epidemiology; Female; Heart; Humans; Hypertension - epidemiology; Incidence; Male; Medical sciences; Metabolic Syndrome - epidemiology; Middle Aged; Obesity - epidemiology; Predictive Value of Tests; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors; Sex Distribution; Turkey - epidemiology
• ISSN: 0895-7061; 1941-7225; 1879-1905
• DOI: 10.1038/ajh.2008.212

Background Predictors of prehypertension and the latter's significance in predicting metabolic syndrome (MetS), type 2 diabetes (DM), and incident coronary heart disease (CHD) need further exploration. Methods Individuals with or without prehypertension (blood pressure (BP) 120–139 systolic or 80–89 mm Hg diastolic) were studied prospectively in a representative sample of Turkish adults. Results Mean age of 1,501 men and 1,533 women was 48 ± 12 years at baseline. Prehypertension, identified in 32.8% of the sample, differed from the normotensive group mainly by age-adjusted obesity measures and C-reactive protein (CRP) and progressed to hypertension at more than twofold annual incidence as normotension did. In logistic regression analysis, adjusted for sex, age, heart rate, and smoking status, prehypertension was predictive for risk of MetS in both genders (relative risk (RR) 1.55 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.21; 1.99)) compared with normotensives. However, DM and CHD were significantly predicted by prehypertension only in women (RR 2.06 and 1.98, respectively, for outcomes). Cardiometabolic risks in women were largely independent of obesity. Body mass index (BMI) at baseline predicted significantly subsequent development of new prehypertension in both genders (hazard ratio 1.39 (95% CI 1.17; 1.65)) and CRP tended to contribute to this risk. Conclusions Prehypertension, compared with normotension, approximately doubles the risk for DM, MetS, and CHD in women without conferring substantial risk in Turkish men, except toward MetS. Excess cardiometabolic risk of prehypertension in women is independent of obesity. BMI is a determinant of prehypertension.