The role of immunofluorescence in the physiopathology and differential diagnosis of recurrent aphthous stomatitis

Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a disease characterized by the periodic appearance of aphthous lesions on the oral mucosa, of which etiology and physiopathology are not well explained. Recent studies with direct immunofluorescence show controversial results. Some reveal that the basic disorde...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Brazilian journal of otorhinolaryngology 2008-05, Vol.74 (3), p.331-336
Main Authors: Wilhelmsen, Niels Salles Willo, Weber, Raimar, Miziara, Ivan Dieb
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adolescent
Adult
Aged
Biopsy
Diagnosis, Differential
Epidemiologic Methods
Female
Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Direct
Humans
Immunoglobulin Isotypes - blood
Male
Middle Aged
Mouth Mucosa - immunology
Recurrence
Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous - diagnosis
Stomatitis, Aphthous - diagnosis
Stomatitis, Aphthous - immunology
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Summary:Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a disease characterized by the periodic appearance of aphthous lesions on the oral mucosa, of which etiology and physiopathology are not well explained. Recent studies with direct immunofluorescence show controversial results. Some reveal that the basic disorder is associated with humoral immunity, while others point to changes in cellular immunity. Atypical forms of aphthous stomatitis may have its differential diagnosis carried out with vesicobullous diseases, such as pemphigus vulgaris. Check the presence of immunocomplexes in the mucosa of patients with aphthous stomatitis and the usefulness of the differential diagnosis method with bullous skin diseases. 23 patients with aphthous stomatitis were prospectively included in the study. There were all submitted to mucosa biopsy under local anesthesia for the removal of two fragments. One of these was sent to histology and, the other to direct immunofluorescence. The 23 samples from the histology exam revealed an ulcerated inflammatory process. The samples referred to immunofluorescence resulted negative and only one showed the presence of complement in the basal membrane. Based on our results, we conclude that the patients with RAS do not show deposits of immunocomplexes in their oral cavity mucosa and immunofluorescence is useful in the differential diagnosis between this disease and bullous skin diseases.
ISSN:1808-8694