High-speed gas chromatography: The importance of instrumentation optimization and the elimination of extra-column band broadening

• Published in: Talanta (Oxford) 2008-08, Vol.76 (4), p.703-717
• Main Authors: Reid, Vanessa R., Synovec, Robert E.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Analytical chemistry; Animals; Chemical separations; Chemistry; Chemotactic Factors - analysis; Chemotactic Factors - isolation & purification; Chromatographic methods and physical methods associated with chromatography; Chromatography, Gas - methods; Diffusion; Equipment Design; Exact sciences and technology; Gas chromatographic methods; Gas chromatographic theory; Gas chromatography; General, instrumentation; High-speed; Insecta; Instrumentation advancements; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Models, Theoretical; Optimal linear flow velocity; Pressure; Temperature; Time Factors
• ISSN: 0039-9140; 1873-3573
• DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2008.05.012

This review provides a summary of chromatographic theory as it applies to high-speed gas chromatography. A novel method for determining the optimal linear flow velocity, u ¯ opt , from specific experimental parameters, is discussed. An in-depth theoretical understanding of u ¯ opt and its relation to experimental parameters is presented, in the absence of extra-column band broadening, as a means of method evaluation and optimization. Recent developments in high-speed GC are discussed, in the context of the theory presented within this review, to ascertain the influence of extra-column band broadening. The theory presented herein can be used as a means of evaluating the various areas of GC instrumentation (injection, separation, detection, etc.) that need further development to further minimize the effects of extra-column band broadening. The theoretical framework provided in this review, can be, and is, readily used to evaluate high-speed GC results presented in the literature, and thus, the general practitioner may more readily select a specific capillary length and/or internal diameter for a given application. For example, it is theoretically shown, and prior work cited, that demonstrates a peak width of ∼1 ms is readily achievable in GC, when extra-column band broadening is eliminated.