A Finite Element Model to Identify Electrode Influence on Current Distribution in the Skin

:  Discomfort experienced during surface functional electrical stimulation (FES) is thought to be partly a result of localized high current density in the skin underneath the stimulating electrode. This article describes a finite element (FE) model to predict skin current density distribution in the...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Artificial organs 2008-08, Vol.32 (8), p.639-643
Main Authors: Sha, Ning, Kenney, Laurence P.J., Heller, Ben W., Barker, Anthony T., Howard, David, Moatamedi, Moji
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Current density
Electric Impedance
Electric Stimulation
Electrodes
Finite Element Analysis
Finite element modeling
Functional electrical stimulation
Galvanic Skin Response - drug effects
Galvanic Skin Response - physiology
Humans
Hydrogels - pharmacology
Models, Biological
Sensation
Surface electrode
Sweat Glands - physiology
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Summary::  Discomfort experienced during surface functional electrical stimulation (FES) is thought to be partly a result of localized high current density in the skin underneath the stimulating electrode. This article describes a finite element (FE) model to predict skin current density distribution in the region of the electrode during stimulation and its application to the identification of electrode properties that may act to reduce sensation. The FE model results show that the peak current density was located in an area immediately under the stratum corneum, adjacent to a sweat duct. A simulation of surface FES via a high‐resistivity electrode showed a reduction in this peak current density, when compared to that with a low‐resistivity electrode.
ISSN:0160-564X
1525-1594
DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1594.2008.00615.x