Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)—Specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Activity in HIV-Exposed Seronegative Persons

Repeated exposure to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) does not always result in seroconversion. Understanding the conditions that permit or protect against progressive infection with HIV is important for vaccine development. Nineteen subjects at risk for HIV infection were CCR-5 genotyped and scre...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The Journal of infectious diseases 1999-03, Vol.179 (3), p.538-547
Main Authors: Bernard, Nicole F., Yannakis, Christina M., Lee, Jimmy S., Tsoukas, Christos M.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
AIDS/HIV
Alleles
B lymphocytes
Biological and medical sciences
Cell lines
Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
Female
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Genotype
Histocompatibility Testing
HIV
HIV - genetics
HIV - immunology
HIV 1
HIV infections
HIV Seronegativity - genetics
HIV Seronegativity - immunology
Human immunodeficiency virus
Humans
Immunity
Immunity, Innate
Infections
Major Articles
Major Histocompatibility Complex
Male
Microbiology
Middle Aged
Needlestick Injuries
Receptors, CCR5 - genetics
Replicative cycle, interference, host-virus relations, pathogenicity, miscellaneous strains
Sexual Behavior
T lymphocytes
T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic - immunology
Virology
Viruses
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Summary:Repeated exposure to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) does not always result in seroconversion. Understanding the conditions that permit or protect against progressive infection with HIV is important for vaccine development. Nineteen subjects at risk for HIV infection were CCR-5 genotyped and screened for virus-specific memory cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). None had the Δ32CCR-5/Δ32CCR-5 genotype associated with HIV resistance. HIV-specific CTL were detected in 7 (41.1%) of 17 exposed uninfected subjects versus 0 of 14 seronegative subjects with no HIV risk factors (P = .006 χ2 test). Recognition of virus by CTL in exposed uninfected subjects was major histocompatibility complex class I-restricted and multispecific, and specificity could change with time. Activity could persist up to 34 months after the last virus exposure. The presence of HIV-specific CTL in a greater proportion of seronegative HIV-exposed versus unexposed subjects supports the notion that in some cases, virus exposure induces HIV immunity without seroconversion or disease progression.
ISSN:0022-1899
1537-6613
DOI:10.1086/314621