Prevalence and Risk Factors of Retinal Arteriolar Emboli: The Singapore Malay Eye Study

Purpose To examine the prevalence and risk factors of retinal arteriolar emboli, a risk predictor of stroke, in an Asian population. Design Population-based cross-sectional study. Methods Retinal emboli were ascertained from retinal photographs obtained from both eyes of 3,265 Asian Malays, aged 40...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:American journal of ophthalmology 2008-10, Vol.146 (4), p.620-624
Main Authors: Cheung, Ning, Lim, Lyndell, Wang, Jie Jin, Islam, F.M. Amirul, Mitchell, Paul, Saw, Seang Mei, Aung, Tin, Wong, Tien Y
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Age
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Angina Pectoris - ethnology
Arterioles
Asian people
Biological and medical sciences
Biomedical research
Blood pressure
Body mass index
Cholesterol
Cholesterol, LDL - blood
Confidence intervals
Cross-Sectional Studies
Diabetes
Embolism - ethnology
Female
Gender
Glucose
Humans
Hypercholesterolemia - ethnology
Hypertension
Low density lipoprotein
Malaysia - epidemiology
Male
Medical sciences
Middle Aged
Miscellaneous
Multivariate analysis
Ophthalmology
Population
Prevalence
Retinal Artery
Retinal Diseases - ethnology
Risk Factors
Singapore - ethnology
Smoking - ethnology
Stroke
Stroke - ethnology
Studies
Variables
Veins & arteries
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Summary:Purpose To examine the prevalence and risk factors of retinal arteriolar emboli, a risk predictor of stroke, in an Asian population. Design Population-based cross-sectional study. Methods Retinal emboli were ascertained from retinal photographs obtained from both eyes of 3,265 Asian Malays, aged 40 to 80 years, according to a standardized protocol. Risk factors were assessed from detailed standardized interviews, clinical examinations, and laboratory investigations. Results The overall prevalence of retinal emboli was 0.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.58 to 0.62). A finding of retinal emboli was strongly associated with increasing age ( P = .005, for trend), but age-stratified prevalence rates were still lower than those reported from previous population-based studies of White persons. After adjusting for age and gender, the presence of retinal emboli was associated with cigarette smoking (odds ratio [OR], 5.96; 95% CI, 1.75 to 20.32), elevated total cholesterol (OR, 5.21; 95% CI, 1.93 to 12.82), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR, 2.98; 95% CI, 1.20 to 7.39), and self-reported history of angina (OR, 5.67; 95% CI, 1.62 to 19.91). These associations remained significant in multivariate analysis with additional adjustment for other risk factors. Conclusions Retinal emboli are less common in Asians than in similarly aged White persons, but are associated with similar cardiovascular risk factors.
ISSN:0002-9394
1879-1891
DOI:10.1016/j.ajo.2008.05.033