Short-term regulation of peptide YY secretion by a mixed meal or peritoneal glucose-based dialysate in patients with chronic renal failure

• Published in: Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation dialysis, transplantation, 2008-11, Vol.23 (11), p.3696-3703
• Main Authors: Pérez-Fontán, Miguel, Cordido, Fernando, Rodríguez-Carmona, Ana, Penín, Manuel, Díaz-Cambre, Helena, López-Muñiz, Andrés, Sangiao-Alvarellos, Susana, García-Buela, Jesús
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; Aged; Anesthesia. Intensive care medicine. Transfusions. Cell therapy and gene therapy; anorexia; Anorexia - etiology; Anorexia - physiopathology; Appetite - physiology; Biological and medical sciences; Case-Control Studies; Chronic Disease; Cross-Over Studies; Dialysis Solutions - pharmacology; Emergency and intensive care: renal failure. Dialysis management; Female; Food, Formulated; ghrelin; Glucose - administration & dosage; Glucose - pharmacology; Humans; Infusions, Parenteral; Intensive care medicine; Male; Malnutrition - etiology; Malnutrition - physiopathology; Medical sciences; Middle Aged; Nephrology. Urinary tract diseases; Nephropathies. Renovascular diseases. Renal failure; Peptide YY - blood; Peritoneal Dialysis; PYY; Renal failure; Renal Insufficiency - blood; Renal Insufficiency - complications; Renal Insufficiency - therapy
• ISSN: 0931-0509; 1460-2385
• DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfn297

Background. Malnutrition is very prevalent among patients with chronic renal failure. The role of derangements in the gut–brain axis for regulation of appetite in the genesis of anorexia of these patients has not been adequately investigated. Design. Following a randomized, crossover design, we analysed plasma levels of peptide YY (PYY)1–36 and PYY3–36 both fasting and after a standardized oral mixed meal or intraperitoneal glucose infusion in 10 stable uraemic patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis and 8 healthy controls, matched for age, gender and body mass index. Main results. Median baseline plasma levels of PYY1–36 in the different provocation tests oscillated between 406 and 460 pg/mL in patients, as compared with 73 and 100 pg/mL in controls (P < 0.001). Corresponding values for PYY3–36 oscillated between 235 and 267 pg/mL in patients, versus 56 and 70 pg/mL in controls (P < 0.001). The association of high levels of PYY3–36 and normal levels of acylated ghrelin (when compared with healthy controls) configurated a markedly pro-anorexigenic pattern in patients. Neither oral intake nor intraperitoneal glucose resulted in significant changes in plasma levels of PYY1–36 or PYY3–36 in subjects with renal failure, in contrast with the expected postprandial rise observed in healthy controls (41% for PYY1–36, P = 0.04 and 32% for PYY3–36, P = 0.02, median values). Conclusions. Baseline plasma levels of PYY1–36 or PYY3–36 are markedly elevated in patients with renal failure undergoing peritoneal dialysis. Provocation studies disclose a marked disregulation in the postprandial secretion of these anorexigenic peptides, when compared with healthy controls. These findings may contribute to clarify the complex pathogenesis of anorexia of chronic renal failure.