Influenza Vaccination of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-Infected Adults: Impact on Plasma Levels of HIV Type 1 RNA and Determinants of Antibody Response

We assessed the effect of influenza vaccination on plasma levels of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA and the impact of age, plasma HIV-1 RNA level, CD4 cell count, and anti-HIV therapy on immune response. Forty-nine adults (mean age, 38.7 years; mean CD4 cell count ±SD, 190 ± 169/mL;...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Clinical infectious diseases 1999-03, Vol.28 (3), p.541-547
Main Authors: Fuller, Jon D., Craven, Donald E., Steger, Kathleen A., Cox, Nancy, Heeren, Timothy C., Chernoff, David
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
AIDS
AIDS/HIV
Anti-HIV Agents - therapeutic use
Antibodies, Viral - blood
Antibody formation
Antigens
Blood plasma
CD4 Lymphocyte Count
Clinical Articles
Female
Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests
HIV
HIV 1
HIV Infections - drug therapy
HIV Infections - immunology
HIV Infections - virology
HIV-1 - physiology
Humans
Influenza vaccines
Influenza Vaccines - administration & dosage
Influenza Vaccines - immunology
Influenza, Human - prevention & control
Male
Middle Aged
Multivariate Analysis
Predictive Value of Tests
RNA
RNA, Viral - blood
Vaccination
Viral load
Viremia - virology
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Summary:We assessed the effect of influenza vaccination on plasma levels of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA and the impact of age, plasma HIV-1 RNA level, CD4 cell count, and anti-HIV therapy on immune response. Forty-nine adults (mean age, 38.7 years; mean CD4 cell count ±SD, 190 ± 169/mL; mean plasma HIV-1 RNA level ± SD, 154,616 ± 317,192 copies/mL) were immunized. Elevations of ⩾0.48 log in plasma HIV-1 RNA levels occurred in two (4%) of 49 subjects within 4 weeks of vaccination. A fourfold or greater increase in antibody titer occurred in 13 (45%) of 29 subjects, correlating directly with CD4 cell count (P = .002) and inversely with plasma HIV-1 RNA level (P = .034). By multivariate analysis, CD4 cell count was a stronger predictor of antibody response than was plasma HIV-1 RNA level. We conclude that increases in plasma HIV-1 RNA levels following influenza vaccination are rare and transient and that antibody response is impaired with CD4 cell counts of 100,000 copies/mL. Prospective trials are needed to evaluate the impact of highly active therapy on immune response after vaccination.
ISSN:1058-4838
1537-6591
DOI:10.1086/515170