Gender Differences in Blood Levels, But Not Brain Levels, of Ethanol in Rats

Female rodents tend to drink more alcohol than males, a difference that emerges at puberty and appears to vary over the female estrous cycle. In addition, male and female rodents display different responses to alcohol; for example, female rats are reported to have faster elimination rates than males...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research clinical and experimental research, 1999-03, Vol.23 (3), p.414-420
Main Authors: Crippens, Donita, White, Martha L., George, Magnia A., Jaworski, Jason N., Brunner, Lane J., Lancaster, Francine E., Gonzales, Rueben A.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Alcoholism and acute alcohol poisoning
Animals
Area Under Curve
Biological and medical sciences
Blood Alcohol Levels
Brain - metabolism
Brain Alcohol Levels
Estrous Cycle
Estrus - metabolism
Ethanol - blood
Ethanol - metabolism
Ethanol - pharmacokinetics
Female
Injections, Intraperitoneal
Male
Medical sciences
Microdialysis
Pharmacokinetics
Rats
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Sex Differences
Sex Factors
Toxicology
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Summary:Female rodents tend to drink more alcohol than males, a difference that emerges at puberty and appears to vary over the female estrous cycle. In addition, male and female rodents display different responses to alcohol; for example, female rats are reported to have faster elimination rates than males. We were interested in whether circulating ovarian hormones influence alcohol distribution to or elimination from the brain of rats, which might explain observed differences in drinking behavior. We administered 0.8 g/kg of ethanol via intraperitoneal injection to age‐matched male and female Sprague‐Dawley rats. Extracellular brain ethanol was sampled using microdialysis, and vascular ethanol concentrations were determined via tail blood collection, in two separate experiments. Ethanol pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated for both compartments. There were no differences in pharmacokinetic parameters due to gender or estrous cycle stage in brain ethanol concentration profiles. There were, however, differences in blood ethanol profiles: females showed faster elimination rates and a smaller area under the ethanol concentration versus time curve than males. In addition, the maximum concentration varied significantly across the estrous cycle. These results suggest that (1) circulating ovarian hormones do not influence alcohol distribution to the brain, but do influence distribution to more peripheral tissues such as the tail; and (2) apparent differences in tail blood alcohol levels may not reflect differences in brain levels.
ISSN:0145-6008
1530-0277
DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1999.tb04131.x