Outbreaks of Hydropericardium Syndrome and Molecular Characterization of Korean Fowl Adenoviral Isolates

• Published in: Avian diseases 2008-09, Vol.52 (3), p.526-530
• Main Authors: Kim, Jong Nyeo, Byun, Seong Hwan, Kim, Min Jeong, Kim, Jeom ju, Sung, Haan Woo, Mo, In Pil
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adenoviridae - genetics; Adenoviridae - pathogenicity; Adenoviridae - ultrastructure; Adenoviridae Infections - epidemiology; Adenoviridae Infections - pathology; Adenoviridae Infections - veterinary; Adenovirus; Adenoviruses; Animals; Aves; Base Sequence; Case Reports; case studies; Cell culture techniques; Chickens; Cluster Analysis; Cultural groups; disease outbreaks; Disease Outbreaks - veterinary; DNA Primers - genetics; fowl adenovirus; Fowl adenovirus C; Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome; Hepatica; hexon gene; histopathology; hydropericardium syndrome; Infections; isolation; Korea - epidemiology; lesions (animal); Liver; Liver - pathology; microbial genetics; Microscopy, Electron; molecular conformation; Molecular Sequence Data; Mortality; necrosis; nucleotide sequences; pathogenicity; Pericardial Effusion - epidemiology; Pericardial Effusion - pathology; Pericardial Effusion - veterinary; Pericardial Effusion - virology; pericardium; Pericardium - pathology; Phylogeny; Polymerase chain reaction; poultry diseases; Poultry Diseases - epidemiology; Poultry Diseases - pathology; Poultry Diseases - virology; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Syndrome; viral diseases of animals and humans; Viruses
• ISSN: 0005-2086; 1938-4351
• DOI: 10.1637/8178-112207-Case

Outbreaks of hydropericardium syndrome (HPS), caused by fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4), have occurred in Korea and caused severe economic loss due to mortality and weight loss. From these outbreaks, several adenoviruses were isolated and identified in samples from broilers, layers, breeders, and native Korean fowl. In pathologic examinations, hydropericardium and multifocal hepatic necrosis, with an intranuclear inclusion body in hepatocytes, were observed. Specific adenovirus particles were also observed in the nucleus of hepatocytes, by electron microscopic examination. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of the hexon gene identified all of the isolates as FAdV, serotype 4 and genotype C. To reproduce FAdV-4 field cases, 8- and 52-week-old specific pathogen free (SPF) chicks were infected intramuscularly with the field isolate CBU070244. The mortality rate of infected chicks ranged from 10%–40%, and specific pathologic lesions, such as swollen livers and hydropericardium, were observed. Further studies to determine the prevalence of infection, and analysis of the economic impact to the poultry industry, are needed in the near future. Reporte de Caso —Brote del síndrome de hidropericardio y caracterización molecular de aislados de adenovirus aviares de Corea. Brotes del síndrome hidropericardio causados por adenovirus aviar serotipo 4 han ocurrido en Corea causando graves pérdidas económicas debido a la mortalidad y a los bajos pesos corporales. A partir de pollos de engorde, ponedoras y gallinas nativas de Corea involucradas en estos brotes, se aislaron e identificaron varios adenovirus. En los exámenes patológicos se observó hidropericardio y necrosis hepática multifocal con presencia de cuerpos de inclusión intranucleares en los hepatocitos. Mediante el microscopio electrónico se observaron los adenovirus en el núcleo de los hepatocitos. El análisis de la reacción en cadena por la polimerasa del gen hexón identificó todos los virus aislados como pertenecientes al serotipo 4 y al genotipo C de los adenovirus aviares. Para reproducir la enfermedad, se utilizaron aves libres de patógenos de 8 y 52 semanas de edad, infectándolas por la vía intramuscular con el aislamiento de campo identificado como CBU070244. Los porcentajes de mortalidad de las aves infectadas varió del 10% al 40% y se observaron lesiones específicas como inflamación del hígado e hidropericardio. En el futuro cercano, se necesita realizar estudios adicionales para determinar la