Milk fat globule EGF-8 promotes melanoma progression through coordinated Akt and twist signaling in the tumor microenvironment

The pathogenesis of malignant melanoma involves the interplay of tumor cells with normal host elements, but the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. Here, we show that milk fat globule EGF-8 (MFG-E8), a secreted protein expressed at high levels in the vertical growth phase of melanoma,...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Cancer research (Chicago, Ill.) Ill.), 2008-11, Vol.68 (21), p.8889-8898
Main Authors: Jinushi, Masahisa, Nakazaki, Yukoh, Carrasco, Daniel R, Draganov, Dobrin, Souders, Nicholas, Johnson, Matthew, Mihm, Martin C, Dranoff, Glenn
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Antigens, Surface - physiology
Apoptosis
Base Sequence
Disease Progression
DNA Primers
Humans
Melanoma - enzymology
Melanoma - metabolism
Melanoma - pathology
Mice
Microscopy, Fluorescence
Milk Proteins
Neoplasm Invasiveness
Nuclear Proteins - metabolism
Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt - metabolism
Signal Transduction - physiology
Twist-Related Protein 1 - metabolism
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Summary:The pathogenesis of malignant melanoma involves the interplay of tumor cells with normal host elements, but the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. Here, we show that milk fat globule EGF-8 (MFG-E8), a secreted protein expressed at high levels in the vertical growth phase of melanoma, promotes disease progression through coordinated alpha(v)beta(3) integrin signaling in the tumor microenvironment. In a murine model of melanoma, MFG-E8 enhanced tumorigenicity and metastatic capacity through Akt-dependent and Twist-dependent pathways. MFG-E8 augmented melanoma cell resistance to apoptosis, triggered an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and stimulated invasion and immune suppression. In human melanoma cells, MFG-E8 knockdown attenuated Akt and Twist signaling and thereby compromised tumor cell survival, EMT, and invasive ability. MFG-E8-deficient human melanoma cells also showed increased sensitivity to small molecule inhibitors of insulin-like growth factor I receptor and c-Met. Together, these findings delineate pleiotropic roles for MFG-E8 in the tumor microenvironment and raise the possibility that systemic MFG-E8 blockade might prove therapeutic for melanoma patients.
ISSN:0008-5472
1538-7445
DOI:10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-2147