From the Bay of Naples to the River Don: the Campanian Ignimbrite eruption and the Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition in Eastern Europe

The Campanian Ignimbrite (CI) eruption, dated by 40Ar/ 39Ar and various stratigraphic methods to ca. 39,000 cal BP, generated a massive ash plume from its source in southern Italy across Southeastern and Eastern Europe. At the Kostenki-Borshchevo open-air sites on the Middle Don River in Russia, Upp...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of human evolution 2008-11, Vol.55 (5), p.858-870
Main Authors: Hoffecker, John F., Holliday, Vance T., Anikovich, M.V., Sinitsyn, A.A., Popov, V.V., Lisitsyn, S.N., Levkovskaya, G.M., Pospelova, G.A., Forman, Steven L., Giaccio, Biagio
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Archaeological dating
Archaeology - methods
Climate stratigraphy
Early Upper Paleolithic
Eastern Europe
Ecology
Geochronology
Geological Phenomena
Hominidae
Human evolution
Humans
Kostenki-Borshchevo
Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition
Natural disasters
Paleoclimatology
Paleolithic Age
Russia
Volcanic Eruptions
Volcanoes
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Summary:The Campanian Ignimbrite (CI) eruption, dated by 40Ar/ 39Ar and various stratigraphic methods to ca. 39,000 cal BP, generated a massive ash plume from its source in southern Italy across Southeastern and Eastern Europe. At the Kostenki-Borshchevo open-air sites on the Middle Don River in Russia, Upper Paleolithic artifact assemblages are buried below, within, and above the CI tephra (which is redeposited by slope action at most sites) on the second terrace. Luminescence and radiocarbon dating, paleomagnetism, and soil and pollen stratigraphy provide further basis for correlation with the Greenland and North Atlantic climate stratigraphy. The oldest Upper Paleolithic occupation layers at Kostenki-Borshchevo may be broadly correlated with warm intervals that preceded the CI event and Heinrich Event 4 (HE4; Greenland Interstadial: GI 12–GI 9) dating to ca. 45,000–41,000 cal BP. These layers contain an industry not currently recognized in other parts of Europe. Early Upper Paleolithic layers above the CI tephra are correlated with HE4 and warm intervals that occurred during 38,000–30,000 cal BP (GI 8–GI 5), and include an assemblage that is assigned to the Aurigancian industry, associated with skeletal remains of modern humans.
ISSN:0047-2484
1095-8606
DOI:10.1016/j.jhevol.2008.08.018