Mortality among habitually violent offenders

• Published in: Forensic science international 1999-03, Vol.100 (3), p.187-191
• Main Authors: Paanila, Jarmo, Hakola, Panu, Tiihonen, Jari
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Accidental deaths; Adult; Age; Aggressive behavior; Alcohol; Biological and medical sciences; Cardiovascular disease; Disease prevention; Drownings; Drug overdose; Finland; Forensic Psychiatry; Habitual offenders; Humans; Imprisonment; Incidence; Male; Mathematical analysis; Medical sciences; Mental disorders; Middle Aged; Mortality; Murders & murder attempts; Preventive detention; Prisoner; Prisoner treatment; Prisoners - statistics & numerical data; Prisons; Psychiatry; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry; Psychopathology. Psychiatry; Risk factors; Risk taking; Stabbings; Suicides & suicide attempts; Victimology; Violence; Violent crime
• ISSN: 0379-0738; 1872-6283
• DOI: 10.1016/S0379-0738(98)00209-6

There are no published studies about mortality among habitually violent offenders, although it would be essential to take into account the possibly higher mortality rate of this population, when the incidence of committing violent offenders is calculated as a function of age. We studied mortality during the age range 30–50 years among 102 habitually violent male offenders, who were considered to be dangerous to the lives of other people, during the 24.5-year period 1971–1995 (in the range 3.5 months–24.5 years, the average prison time was 6 years, 7 months and 11 days). In Finland, the deathrate in the group of men aged 30–50 years is 3.7/1000/year, but among these habitually violent male criminals, the mortality rate was observed to be 18.1/1000/year. Therefore, the relative risk for dying in this age group was 4.9-fold when compared with the normal male population aged 30–50 years. A finding of this magnitude has a substantial effect, when the real incidence of committing homicides or other violent offenses is calculated as a function of age. This is an important issue in forensic psychiatry, since it is generally believed that the incidence of committing violent crimes is decreased between the ages of 30 and 50 years, and age is used as one predictive factor when the risk of forthcoming violent behavior is assessed.