Microbial Control of Insect Pests in Temperate Orchard Systems: Potential for Incorporation into IPM

Because of their selectivity and safety, microbial control agents (MCAs) appear to be ready-made components of integrated pest management (IPM) systems that do not pose a threat to applicators or the environment and allow other natural enemies to function. Control of several orchard pest insects usi...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Annual review of entomology 2008-01, Vol.53 (1), p.121-144
Main Authors: Lacey, L.A, Shapiro-Ilan, D.I
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Agriculture - methods
Animals
Bacillus thuringiensis
Bacteria - pathogenicity
Biological and medical sciences
biological control agents
Citrus
Control
entomopathogens
Fruit
fruit crops
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Fungi - pathogenicity
Granulovirus
insect control
Insect Control - methods
insect pests
Insecta - microbiology
Insecta - parasitology
Insecta - virology
Integrated pest control
integrated pest management
Lepidoptera
literature reviews
Malus
microbial control agents
Nematoda
Nematoda - pathogenicity
nut crops
orchards
Pest Control, Biological
Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection
plant pests
Protozoa. Invertebrates
temperate zones
Virion - pathogenicity
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Summary:Because of their selectivity and safety, microbial control agents (MCAs) appear to be ready-made components of integrated pest management (IPM) systems that do not pose a threat to applicators or the environment and allow other natural enemies to function. Control of several orchard pest insects using MCAs, including viruses, Bacillus thuringiensis, fungi, and entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs), have been demonstrated in apple, pear, stone fruits, citrus, and several nut crops. B. thuringiensis is the most used MCA for control of lepidopteran orchard pests. Significant use of EPNs in citrus for control of root weevils is also reported. The granulovirus of codling moth is used increasingly in apple and pear by organic growers, with interest also shown by conventional growers. Although some success has been achieved, in most orchard systems MCAs account for a relatively small proportion of the pest control tactics employed, and in some systems they are not used at all. Research toward improving MCA efficacy and economic competitiveness is required to enhance the role of MCAs in IPM.
ISSN:0066-4170
1545-4487
DOI:10.1146/annurev.ento.53.103106.093419