Phenology of Lacanobia subjuncta (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Washington and Oregon Apple Orchards

• Published in: Journal of economic entomology 2005-12, Vol.98 (6), p.2100-2106
• Main Authors: Doerr, Michael D., Brunner, Jay F., Jones, Vincent P.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Agriculture; Animals; Biological and medical sciences; Control; degree-days; eclosion; Female; Flight, Animal; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Generalities; hatching; heat sums; HORTICULTURAL ENTOMOLOGY; insect flight; Insecta; Invertebrates; Lacanobia subjuncta; Larva - growth & development; Male; Malus - parasitology; Malus domestica; Moths - growth & development; Oregon; Oviposition; pest management; pest monitoring; phenology; phenology model; phenology models; pheromone traps; Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection; prediction; Protozoa. Invertebrates; Time Factors; Washington; Weibull distribution; Weibull statistics
• ISSN: 0022-0493; 1938-291X; 0022-0493
• DOI: 10.1603/0022-0493-98.6.2100

The phenology of Lacanobia subjuncta (Grote & Robinson) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) was investigated in 30 apple orchards in central Washington state and northeastern Oregon from 1998 to 2001 (57 total orchard-yr). Adult captures in pheromone-baited traps were fit to a Weibull distribution to model emergence of the first and second generations. Initial capture of first generation adults was observed at 216.2 ± 2.6 degree-days (DD) (mean ± SEM) from 1 March by using a base temperature of 6.7°C. The model predicted that flight was 5 and 95% complete by 240 and 700 degree-days (DD), respectively. Monitoring of oviposition and hatch was used to establish a protandry plus preoviposition degree-day requirement of 160.0 ± 7.7 DD, as well as to provide data to describe the entire hatch period. Egg hatch was 5 and 95% complete by 395 and 630 DD, respectively. The start of the second flight was observed at 1217.1 ± 8.3 DD by using an upper threshold for development of 32°C and a horizontal cutoff. The model indicated that the second flight was 5 and 95% complete by 1220 and 1690 DD, respectively. Second generation hatch was 5 and 95% complete by 1440 and 1740 DD, respectively. A discussion of the potential uses of these detailed phenology data in optimizing management strategies is presented.