Marking rejected distractors : A gaze-contingent technique for measuring memory during search

There is a debate among search theorists as to whether search exploits a memory for rejected distractors. We addressed this question by monitoring eye movements and explicitly marking objects visited by gaze during search. If search is memoryless, markers might be used to reduce distractor reinspect...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Psychonomic bulletin & review 2005-12, Vol.12 (6), p.1120-1126
Main Authors: DICKINSON, Christopher A, ZEUNSKY, Gregory J
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biological and medical sciences
Experimental psychology
Exploratory Behavior
Eye Movements
Fixation, Ocular
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Humans
Memory
Perception
Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry
Psychology. Psychophysiology
Reaction Time
Vision
Visual task performance
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Summary:There is a debate among search theorists as to whether search exploits a memory for rejected distractors. We addressed this question by monitoring eye movements and explicitly marking objects visited by gaze during search. If search is memoryless, markers might be used to reduce distractor reinspections and improve search efficiency, relative to a no-marking baseline. However, if search already uses distractor memory, there should be no differences between marking and no-marking conditions. In four experiments, with stimuli ranging from Os and Qs to realistic scenes, two consistent data patterns emerged: (1) Marking rejected distractors produced no systematic benefit for search efficiency, as measured by reinspections, reaction times, or errors, and (2) distractor reinspection rates were, overall, extremely low. These results suggest that search uses a memory for rejected distractors, at least in those many real-world search tasks in which gaze is free to move.
ISSN:1069-9384
1531-5320
DOI:10.3758/bf03206453