Interactions between chronic renal disease and periodontal disease

The incidence of end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) is increasing and patients receiving renal replacement therapy including hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis or renal transplantation will comprise an enlarging segment of the dental patient population. Renal replacement therapy can affect periodontal ti...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Oral diseases 2008-01, Vol.14 (1), p.1-7
Main Author: Craig, RG
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Atherosclerosis - complications
C-Reactive Protein - analysis
Cause of Death
Dentistry
end stage renal disease
hemodialysis
Humans
Immunosuppression
periodontal diseases
Periodontal Diseases - complications
periodontitis
peritoneal dialysis
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic - complications
Renal Replacement Therapy
renal transplantation
Survival Rate
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Summary:The incidence of end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) is increasing and patients receiving renal replacement therapy including hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis or renal transplantation will comprise an enlarging segment of the dental patient population. Renal replacement therapy can affect periodontal tissues including gingival hyperplasia in immune suppressed renal transplantation patients and increased levels of plaque, calculus and gingival inflammation and possible increased prevalence and severity of destructive periodontal diseases in ESRD patients on dialysis maintenance therapy. Also, the presence of undiagnosed periodontitis may have significant effects on the medical management of the ESRD patient. Periodontitis has been found to contribute to systemic inflammatory burden including the elevation of C‐reactive protein (CRP) in the general population. Atherosclerotic complications including myocardial infarction and stroke are the primary causes of mortality in the ESRD population and, in contrast to that of the general population, the best predictor of all cause and cardiac death in this population is CRP. Consequently, periodontitis may be a covert but treatable source of systemic inflammation in the ESRD population. The objective of this review was to explore the interaction between chronic renal disease, renal replacement therapy and periodontal diseases based upon the results of studies published within the last decade.
ISSN:1354-523X
1601-0825
DOI:10.1111/j.1601-0825.2007.01430.x