Independent assessment of a wide‐focus, low‐pressure electromagnetic lithotripter: absence of renal bioeffects in the pig

• Published in: BJU international 2008-02, Vol.101 (3), p.382-388
• Main Authors: Evan, Andrew P., McAteer, James A., Connors, Bret A., Pishchalnikov, Yuri A., Handa, Rajash K., Blomgren, Philip, Willis, Lynn R., Williams, James C., Lingeman, James E., Gao, Sujuan
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Biological and medical sciences; Female; Glomerular Filtration Rate - physiology; Injuries of the urinary system. Foreign bodies. Diseases due to physical agents; Kidney - blood supply; Kidney - injuries; Kidney - physiopathology; Kidney Calculi - therapy; Lithotripsy - adverse effects; Lithotripsy - instrumentation; Medical sciences; Nephrology. Urinary tract diseases; pulse repetition rate; renal injury; Renal Plasma Flow - physiology; stone breakage; Swine; Traumas. Diseases due to physical agents; wide focal zone
• ISSN: 1464-4096; 1464-410X
• DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2007.07231.x

OBJECTIVE To assess the renal injury response in a pig model treated with a clinical dose of shock waves (SWs) delivered at a slow rate (27 SW/min) using a novel wide focal zone (18 mm), low acoustic pressure ( 0.05) and renal plasma flow (P = 0.064) in the treated kidney, but that was not significantly different from the control group. Although most HM3‐treated pigs showed no evidence of renal tissue injury, two had focal injury measuring 0.1% FRV, localized to the renal papillae. The width of the focal zone for the XX‐ES was ≈ 18 mm and that of the HM3 ≈ 8 mm. Peak positive pressures at settings used to treat pigs and break model stones were considerably lower for the XX‐ES (17 MPa at 9.3 kV) than for the HM3 (37 MPa at 18 kV). The XX‐ES required fewer SWs to break stones to completion than did the HM3, with a mean (sd) of 634 (42) and 831 (43) SWs, respectively (P