Repeat Microsphere Delivery for Serial Measurement of Regional Blood Perfusion in the Chronically Instrumented, Conscious Canine

• Published in: The Journal of surgical research 2008-03, Vol.145 (1), p.135-141
• Main Authors: Bartoli, Carlo R., B.S, Okabe, Kazunori, M.D, Akiyama, Ichiro, M.D, Coull, Brent, Ph.D, Godleski, John J., M.D
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Arteries - physiology; Biological and medical sciences; Catheters, Indwelling; chronic arterial catheter; Consciousness - physiology; Coronary Vessels - physiology; Dogs; Female; fluorescent polystyrene microspheres; General aspects; Infusions, Intra-Arterial - instrumentation; Infusions, Intra-Arterial - methods; Kidney - blood supply; Liver - blood supply; Medical sciences; Microspheres; Models, Animal; perfusion; Regional Blood Flow - physiology; Spleen - blood supply; subcutaneous vascular access port; Surgery; Time Factors
• ISSN: 0022-4804; 1095-8673
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2007.04.012

Introduction For chronic, repeat hemodynamic studies in conscious dogs, we designed and tested a chronically instrumented canine microsphere delivery model. The goals of this study were (1) to investigate the accuracy of repeated estimations of blood perfusion using fluorescent-labeled microspheres and (2) to develop and validate a chronic preparation that permits consecutive estimations in the same conscious animal over an extended protocol. Methods Via thoracotomy, nine dogs were instrumented with left atrial appendage and aortic vascular access catheters connected to subcutaneous vascular access ports. Four animals received seven serial injections of 1.6 million 15 μm microspheres (total: 11.2 million), and five animals received 8 serial injections of 2.25 million microspheres (total: 18 million) over the course of 11 or 18 wk. Results All catheters have remained bidirectionally patent during protocol for 14.9 ± 0.8 (mean ± SEM) wk. Sphere accumulation did not significantly alter global myocardial ( P = 0.69, P = 0.25), renal ( P = 0.92, P = 0.12), hepatic ( P = 0.84, P = 0.32), or splenic ( P = 0.33, P = 0.70) blood perfusion in either set of animals. Conclusions Catheters remained bidirectionally patent for months, did not interfere with the hemodynamic responses of the preparation, and allowed repeat percutaneous injection of microspheres and withdrawal of reference arterial blood from within conscious canines. Eight serial injections totaling 18 million microspheres over 18 weeks did not alter regional myocardial, hepatic, renal, or splenic blood flow. This dependable, chronic, percutaneous arterial access preparation provides a means for examining acute and long-term effects of pathophysiological, pharmaceutical, and environmental influences on regional arterial blood flow in conscious, large animals.