Gene expression profiling of suppressor mechanisms in tuberculosis

• Published in: Molecular immunology 2008-03, Vol.45 (6), p.1573-1586
• Main Authors: Smit van Dixhoorn, Mieneke G.A., Munir, Riffat, Sussman, Garth, Stad, Robert, de Haan, Muus, van der Hoeven, Tessa, Rauwerda, Han, Breit, Timo M., Thallinger, Gerhard G., Wadee, Ahmed A.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Apoptosis; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - metabolism; Gene Expression Profiling; Human; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Micro-array; Monocytes - metabolism; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Mycobacterium tuberculosis - physiology; Suppressor Factors, Immunologic - metabolism; T cell; Tuberculosis; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary - immunology; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary - metabolism
• ISSN: 0161-5890; 1872-9142
• DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2007.10.022

Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( M.tb) infects 8 million and kills 2.2 million people each year worldwide. M.tb modulates the immune response of the infected individual. Empirically, suppressor carbohydrates (SC) produced by CD8+ T cells in response to M.tb were found to induce a T helper 2 response rather than a protective T helper 1 response in human mononuclear (MN) cells. This study (1) identifies the genes that modulate the T helper response, (2) describes their function, and (3) postulates a detailed model for the M.tb infection mechanism. MN cells from five healthy donors were pulsed with SC and gene expression profiles of 18,861 genes were assessed in a micro-array experiment. Twenty-eight genes were found to be increased and 60 genes were decreased (FDR = 1%, fold change > 1.4) in response to SC. MIP3alpha and platelet factor 4 (v1) are both significantly enriched ( p ≤ 0.001) in the GO category “chemokine activity”. Repressed genes were significantly ( p ≤ 0.001) over-represented in the GO terms “response to pathogenic bacteria”, “inflammatory response”, “coagulation” and “apoptosis”. Indeed, SC significantly reduced numbers of Annexin V/CD4+ cells, while inducing hypoproliferation in CD4+ and non-adherent lymphocytes. This may indicate that M.tb renders a portion of the CD4+ T cell population unresponsive. Furthermore, validating QRT-PCR analysis suggests that monocytes provide an immuno-modulatory signal to CD4+ T cells in M.tb infection. These observations will allow development of new therapeutic interventions to restore the desired T helper 1 response.