Relationship between Human T Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV) Type 1/2 Viral Burden and Clinical and Treatment Parameters among Patients with HIV Type 1 and HTLV-1/2 Coinfection

Background. Human T lymphotropic virus types 1 (HTLV-1) and 2 (HTLV-2) are frequent copathogens among individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). The long-term effects of coinfection are unknown, and little information exists regarding how levels of HTLV-1/2 viral burden a...

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Published in:Clinical infectious diseases 2007-05, Vol.44 (9), p.1229-1234
Main Authors: Beilke, Mark A., Dorge, Vicki L. Traina, Sirois, Maria, Bhuiyan, Azad, Murphy, Edward L., Walls, Jane M., Fagan, Ryan, Winsor, Elsa L., Kissinger, Patricia J.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Antigens
Antiretroviral drugs
Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active
Biological and medical sciences
CD4-CD8 Ratio
Cell culture
Clinical outcomes
Clinical trials
Coinfection
DNA, Viral
Drug therapy
Female
Gene Dosage
Gene expression
Genes, pX
Highly active antiretroviral therapy
HIV
HIV 1
HIV Infections - blood
HIV Infections - complications
HIV Infections - drug therapy
HIV Infections - virology
HIV/AIDS
HTLV-I Infections - blood
HTLV-I Infections - complications
HTLV-I Infections - drug therapy
HTLV-I Infections - virology
HTLV-II Infections - blood
HTLV-II Infections - complications
HTLV-II Infections - drug therapy
HTLV-II Infections - virology
Human immunodeficiency virus
Human T lymphotropic virus 1
Human T lymphotropic virus 2
Human viral diseases
Humans
Immunodeficiencies
Immunodeficiencies. Immunoglobulinopathies
Immunopathology
Infections
Infectious diseases
Male
Medical sciences
Messenger RNA
Middle Aged
Pathology
Polymerase chain reaction
Prospective Studies
Ribonucleic acid
RNA
RNA, Messenger - analysis
Viral diseases
Viral diseases of the lymphoid tissue and the blood. Aids
Viral Load
Virology
Viruses
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Summary:Background. Human T lymphotropic virus types 1 (HTLV-1) and 2 (HTLV-2) are frequent copathogens among individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). The long-term effects of coinfection are unknown, and little information exists regarding how levels of HTLV-1/2 viral burden are affected by antiretroviral medications. Methods. Factors associated with HTLV-1/2 viral burden were examined in patients with HIV–HTLV-1/2 coinfection. A total of 72 subjects were evaluated. The variables analyzed included HTLV-1/2 proviral load, HTLV-1/2 tax/rex mRNA expression, HIV load, HTLV-1/2 viral antigen detection in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cultures, T cell subsets, demographic variables (age, race, sex, and reported use of injection drugs), and administration of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Results. An HTLV-1/2 proviral DNA copy number >20,000 copies/106 PBMCs was significantly associated with the following variables: (1) a positive HTLV-1 Western blot test result, (2) a positive HTLV-1/2 PBMC culture result, (3) a positive tax/rex mRNA result, (4) an HIV load
ISSN:1058-4838
1537-6591
DOI:10.1086/513428