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Vitamin D fortification of milk products does not resolve hypovitaminosis D in young Finnish men
Objective: To study if vitamin D fortification of milk products started in February 2003 has improved vitamin D status of young Finnish men, which has been poor before. Design: A longitudinal study of one cohort. Setting: Helsinki University Central Hospital. Subjects: Sixty-five healthy men, studie...
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| Published in: | European journal of clinical nutrition 2007-04, Vol.61 (4), p.493-497 |
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| container_end_page | 497 |
| container_issue | 4 |
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| container_title | European journal of clinical nutrition |
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| creator | Valimaki, V.V Loyttyniemi, E Valimaki, M.J |
| description | Objective: To study if vitamin D fortification of milk products started in February 2003 has improved vitamin D status of young Finnish men, which has been poor before. Design: A longitudinal study of one cohort. Setting: Helsinki University Central Hospital. Subjects: Sixty-five healthy men, studied for the first time in January 2001, were re-examined in January 2004. They were aged 18-21 years in 2001. Methods: Blood was sampled for determination of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH). 25-OHD was measured by both radioimmunoassay (RIA) and high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Consumption of milk, sour milk and fish and use of vitamin D supplements were assessed using a questionnaire. Results: In January 2004, vitamin D fortification had raised serum 25-OHD level, with the mean of individual percent changes being 20.4% measured with RIA (P=0.0015). The correlation between the RIA and HPLC methods was high (r=0.85). Nineteen men (29.2%) had vitamin D deficiency (25-OHD |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602550 |
| format | article |
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Design: A longitudinal study of one cohort. Setting: Helsinki University Central Hospital. Subjects: Sixty-five healthy men, studied for the first time in January 2001, were re-examined in January 2004. They were aged 18-21 years in 2001. Methods: Blood was sampled for determination of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH). 25-OHD was measured by both radioimmunoassay (RIA) and high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Consumption of milk, sour milk and fish and use of vitamin D supplements were assessed using a questionnaire. Results: In January 2004, vitamin D fortification had raised serum 25-OHD level, with the mean of individual percent changes being 20.4% measured with RIA (P=0.0015). The correlation between the RIA and HPLC methods was high (r=0.85). Nineteen men (29.2%) had vitamin D deficiency (25-OHD <or= 20 nmol/l) and 48 men (73.8%) had hypovitaminosis D (25-OHD <or= 37.5 nmol/l). Serum 25-OHD and iPTH levels correlated inversely (r=-0.30; P=0.017). Serum 25-OHD levels were 52.0% higher for 13 vitamin D supplement users than for 51 non-users (P=0.0001). After exclusion of supplement users, an association between 25-OHD level and consumption of milk products was found (P=0.011), with the median vitamin D level being 6.5 nmol/l higher for those consuming four glasses of milk products or more daily than for those consuming one or less. Likewise, the higher the milk consumption, the higher the difference in 25-OHD between years 2004 and 2001 (P=0.0025). Conclusion: Vitamin D fortification of milk products slightly but insufficiently improved the poor vitamin D status of young Finnish men during winter. Further supplementation is warranted in order to normalize vitamin D levels and to support achievement of maximum peak bone mass.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0954-3007</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1476-5640</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602550</identifier><identifier>PMID: 17136043</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London: Nature Publishing Group UK</publisher><subject>25-hydroxycholecalciferol ; 25-Hydroxyvitamin D ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Animals ; Biological and medical sciences ; Blood ; blood sampling ; bone density ; Bone Density Conservation Agents - administration & dosage ; Bone mass ; Calciferol ; Calcium, Dietary - administration & dosage ; Cattle ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Clinical Nutrition ; Cohort Studies ; Consumption ; Correlation analysis ; Dietary supplements ; Diseases of the osteoarticular system ; Epidemiology ; Finland ; Food, Fortified ; fortified foods ; High performance liquid chromatography ; Humans ; Internal Medicine ; Liquid chromatography ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; Men ; Metabolic Diseases ; Milk ; Milk products ; Nutrition ; nutritional adequacy ; nutritional status ; original-article ; Osteoporosis. Osteomalacia. Paget disease ; Parathyroid ; Parathyroid hormone ; Parathyroid Hormone - blood ; Public Health ; Radioimmunoassay ; Supplements ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Vitamin D ; Vitamin D - administration & dosage ; Vitamin D - analogs & derivatives ; Vitamin D - blood ; Vitamin D Deficiency - blood ; Vitamin D Deficiency - diet therapy ; Vitamin D Deficiency - epidemiology ; vitamin deficiencies ; Vitamin deficiency ; young adults</subject><ispartof>European journal of clinical nutrition, 2007-04, Vol.61 (4), p.493-497</ispartof><rights>Springer Nature Limited 2007</rights><rights>2007 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2007 Nature Publishing Group</rights><rights>Copyright Nature Publishing Group Apr 2007</rights><rights>Nature Publishing Group 2007.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c594t-df61c6c630b6ae12561478e7d63ce5a8b0dcb9078848a4f5b562b602f64b0fe63</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c594t-df61c6c630b6ae12561478e7d63ce5a8b0dcb9078848a4f5b562b602f64b0fe63</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,777,781,27905,27906</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=18633031$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17136043$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Valimaki, V.V</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Loyttyniemi, E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Valimaki, M.J</creatorcontrib><title>Vitamin D fortification of milk products does not resolve hypovitaminosis D in young Finnish men</title><title>European journal of clinical nutrition</title><addtitle>Eur J Clin Nutr</addtitle><addtitle>Eur J Clin Nutr</addtitle><description>Objective: To study if vitamin D fortification of milk products started in February 2003 has improved vitamin D status of young Finnish men, which has been poor before. Design: A longitudinal study of one cohort. Setting: Helsinki University Central Hospital. Subjects: Sixty-five healthy men, studied for the first time in January 2001, were re-examined in January 2004. They were aged 18-21 years in 2001. Methods: Blood was sampled for determination of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH). 25-OHD was measured by both radioimmunoassay (RIA) and high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Consumption of milk, sour milk and fish and use of vitamin D supplements were assessed using a questionnaire. Results: In January 2004, vitamin D fortification had raised serum 25-OHD level, with the mean of individual percent changes being 20.4% measured with RIA (P=0.0015). The correlation between the RIA and HPLC methods was high (r=0.85). Nineteen men (29.2%) had vitamin D deficiency (25-OHD <or= 20 nmol/l) and 48 men (73.8%) had hypovitaminosis D (25-OHD <or= 37.5 nmol/l). Serum 25-OHD and iPTH levels correlated inversely (r=-0.30; P=0.017). Serum 25-OHD levels were 52.0% higher for 13 vitamin D supplement users than for 51 non-users (P=0.0001). After exclusion of supplement users, an association between 25-OHD level and consumption of milk products was found (P=0.011), with the median vitamin D level being 6.5 nmol/l higher for those consuming four glasses of milk products or more daily than for those consuming one or less. Likewise, the higher the milk consumption, the higher the difference in 25-OHD between years 2004 and 2001 (P=0.0025). Conclusion: Vitamin D fortification of milk products slightly but insufficiently improved the poor vitamin D status of young Finnish men during winter. Further supplementation is warranted in order to normalize vitamin D levels and to support achievement of maximum peak bone mass.</description><subject>25-hydroxycholecalciferol</subject><subject>25-Hydroxyvitamin D</subject><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Blood</subject><subject>blood sampling</subject><subject>bone density</subject><subject>Bone Density Conservation Agents - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Bone mass</subject><subject>Calciferol</subject><subject>Calcium, Dietary - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Cattle</subject><subject>Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid</subject><subject>Clinical Nutrition</subject><subject>Cohort Studies</subject><subject>Consumption</subject><subject>Correlation analysis</subject><subject>Dietary supplements</subject><subject>Diseases of the osteoarticular system</subject><subject>Epidemiology</subject><subject>Finland</subject><subject>Food, Fortified</subject><subject>fortified foods</subject><subject>High performance liquid chromatography</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Internal Medicine</subject><subject>Liquid chromatography</subject><subject>Longitudinal Studies</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine & Public Health</subject><subject>Men</subject><subject>Metabolic Diseases</subject><subject>Milk</subject><subject>Milk products</subject><subject>Nutrition</subject><subject>nutritional adequacy</subject><subject>nutritional status</subject><subject>original-article</subject><subject>Osteoporosis. Osteomalacia. Paget disease</subject><subject>Parathyroid</subject><subject>Parathyroid hormone</subject><subject>Parathyroid Hormone - blood</subject><subject>Public Health</subject><subject>Radioimmunoassay</subject><subject>Supplements</subject><subject>Surveys and Questionnaires</subject><subject>Vitamin D</subject><subject>Vitamin D - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Vitamin D - analogs & derivatives</subject><subject>Vitamin D - blood</subject><subject>Vitamin D Deficiency - blood</subject><subject>Vitamin D Deficiency - diet therapy</subject><subject>Vitamin D Deficiency - epidemiology</subject><subject>vitamin deficiencies</subject><subject>Vitamin deficiency</subject><subject>young adults</subject><issn>0954-3007</issn><issn>1476-5640</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2007</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp1ks1v0zAYxi0EYqVw5gYWiN3S2fFHkuM0GCBN4gDjahzndeuS2J2dTOp_j6tUKqBNPljy-3veLz8IvaZkRQmrL9J2BVvjV1SSUgjyBC0or2QhJCdP0YI0gheMkOoMvUhpS0gOVuVzdEYryiThbIF-_XSjHpzHH7ENcXTWGT264HGweHD9b7yLoZvMmHAXIGEfRhwhhf4e8Ga_C_ezOiSXcoacZh8mv8bXznuXNngA_xI9s7pP8Op4L9Ht9acfV1-Km2-fv15d3hRGNHwsOiupkUYy0koNtBQy91pD1UlmQOi6JZ1pG1LVNa81t6IVsmzz0FbylliQbInO57y54bsJ0qgGlwz0vfYQpqQqwnhFRJnB9_-B2zBFn3tTpeRlrlBmdonePUrRRsqa1oeaxQytdQ_KeRvGqM0aPETdBw_W5edL2vCG589imV89wOfTweDMg4LzvwQb0P24ycufDj-U_gUvZtDEkFIEq3bRDTruFSXq4BSVturgFHV0Sla8OQ44tQN0J_5ojQx8OAI6Gd3bqL1x6cTl-RlhNHNk5lIO-TXE06Yer_12llgdlF7HnPb2e0lotmpdckEr9gfn594-</recordid><startdate>20070401</startdate><enddate>20070401</enddate><creator>Valimaki, V.V</creator><creator>Loyttyniemi, E</creator><creator>Valimaki, M.J</creator><general>Nature Publishing Group UK</general><general>Nature Publishing</general><general>Nature Publishing Group</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AN0</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20070401</creationdate><title>Vitamin D fortification of milk products does not resolve hypovitaminosis D in young Finnish men</title><author>Valimaki, V.V ; Loyttyniemi, E ; Valimaki, M.J</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c594t-df61c6c630b6ae12561478e7d63ce5a8b0dcb9078848a4f5b562b602f64b0fe63</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2007</creationdate><topic>25-hydroxycholecalciferol</topic><topic>25-Hydroxyvitamin D</topic><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Blood</topic><topic>blood sampling</topic><topic>bone density</topic><topic>Bone Density Conservation Agents - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Bone mass</topic><topic>Calciferol</topic><topic>Calcium, Dietary - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Cattle</topic><topic>Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid</topic><topic>Clinical Nutrition</topic><topic>Cohort Studies</topic><topic>Consumption</topic><topic>Correlation analysis</topic><topic>Dietary supplements</topic><topic>Diseases of the osteoarticular system</topic><topic>Epidemiology</topic><topic>Finland</topic><topic>Food, Fortified</topic><topic>fortified foods</topic><topic>High performance liquid chromatography</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Internal Medicine</topic><topic>Liquid chromatography</topic><topic>Longitudinal Studies</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine & Public Health</topic><topic>Men</topic><topic>Metabolic Diseases</topic><topic>Milk</topic><topic>Milk products</topic><topic>Nutrition</topic><topic>nutritional adequacy</topic><topic>nutritional status</topic><topic>original-article</topic><topic>Osteoporosis. Osteomalacia. Paget disease</topic><topic>Parathyroid</topic><topic>Parathyroid hormone</topic><topic>Parathyroid Hormone - blood</topic><topic>Public Health</topic><topic>Radioimmunoassay</topic><topic>Supplements</topic><topic>Surveys and Questionnaires</topic><topic>Vitamin D</topic><topic>Vitamin D - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Vitamin D - analogs & derivatives</topic><topic>Vitamin D - blood</topic><topic>Vitamin D Deficiency - blood</topic><topic>Vitamin D Deficiency - diet therapy</topic><topic>Vitamin D Deficiency - epidemiology</topic><topic>vitamin deficiencies</topic><topic>Vitamin deficiency</topic><topic>young adults</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Valimaki, V.V</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Loyttyniemi, E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Valimaki, M.J</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Research Library (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>British Nursing Database</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Research Library Prep</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Biological Sciences</collection><collection>Agriculture Science Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Research Library</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Research Library (Corporate)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>European journal of clinical nutrition</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Valimaki, V.V</au><au>Loyttyniemi, E</au><au>Valimaki, M.J</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Vitamin D fortification of milk products does not resolve hypovitaminosis D in young Finnish men</atitle><jtitle>European journal of clinical nutrition</jtitle><stitle>Eur J Clin Nutr</stitle><addtitle>Eur J Clin Nutr</addtitle><date>2007-04-01</date><risdate>2007</risdate><volume>61</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>493</spage><epage>497</epage><pages>493-497</pages><issn>0954-3007</issn><eissn>1476-5640</eissn><abstract>Objective: To study if vitamin D fortification of milk products started in February 2003 has improved vitamin D status of young Finnish men, which has been poor before. Design: A longitudinal study of one cohort. Setting: Helsinki University Central Hospital. Subjects: Sixty-five healthy men, studied for the first time in January 2001, were re-examined in January 2004. They were aged 18-21 years in 2001. Methods: Blood was sampled for determination of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH). 25-OHD was measured by both radioimmunoassay (RIA) and high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Consumption of milk, sour milk and fish and use of vitamin D supplements were assessed using a questionnaire. Results: In January 2004, vitamin D fortification had raised serum 25-OHD level, with the mean of individual percent changes being 20.4% measured with RIA (P=0.0015). The correlation between the RIA and HPLC methods was high (r=0.85). Nineteen men (29.2%) had vitamin D deficiency (25-OHD <or= 20 nmol/l) and 48 men (73.8%) had hypovitaminosis D (25-OHD <or= 37.5 nmol/l). Serum 25-OHD and iPTH levels correlated inversely (r=-0.30; P=0.017). Serum 25-OHD levels were 52.0% higher for 13 vitamin D supplement users than for 51 non-users (P=0.0001). After exclusion of supplement users, an association between 25-OHD level and consumption of milk products was found (P=0.011), with the median vitamin D level being 6.5 nmol/l higher for those consuming four glasses of milk products or more daily than for those consuming one or less. Likewise, the higher the milk consumption, the higher the difference in 25-OHD between years 2004 and 2001 (P=0.0025). Conclusion: Vitamin D fortification of milk products slightly but insufficiently improved the poor vitamin D status of young Finnish men during winter. Further supplementation is warranted in order to normalize vitamin D levels and to support achievement of maximum peak bone mass.</abstract><cop>London</cop><pub>Nature Publishing Group UK</pub><pmid>17136043</pmid><doi>10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602550</doi><tpages>5</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | European journal of clinical nutrition, 2007-04, Vol.61 (4), p.493-497 |
| issn | 0954-3007 1476-5640 |
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| source | EZB Electronic Journals Library |
| subjects | 25-hydroxycholecalciferol 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Adolescent Adult Animals Biological and medical sciences Blood blood sampling bone density Bone Density Conservation Agents - administration & dosage Bone mass Calciferol Calcium, Dietary - administration & dosage Cattle Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid Clinical Nutrition Cohort Studies Consumption Correlation analysis Dietary supplements Diseases of the osteoarticular system Epidemiology Finland Food, Fortified fortified foods High performance liquid chromatography Humans Internal Medicine Liquid chromatography Longitudinal Studies Male Medical sciences Medicine Medicine & Public Health Men Metabolic Diseases Milk Milk products Nutrition nutritional adequacy nutritional status original-article Osteoporosis. Osteomalacia. Paget disease Parathyroid Parathyroid hormone Parathyroid Hormone - blood Public Health Radioimmunoassay Supplements Surveys and Questionnaires Vitamin D Vitamin D - administration & dosage Vitamin D - analogs & derivatives Vitamin D - blood Vitamin D Deficiency - blood Vitamin D Deficiency - diet therapy Vitamin D Deficiency - epidemiology vitamin deficiencies Vitamin deficiency young adults |
| title | Vitamin D fortification of milk products does not resolve hypovitaminosis D in young Finnish men |
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